Abin da za a yi idan orchid yana da fusarium: hoto na cutar da shawarwari don magani

Orchids tsakanin masu noman fure ana ɗaukar su fure ne na cikin gida waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, tunda sun girma cikin ɗabi'a a cikin takamaiman yanayi ba cikin ƙasar da muka saba da ita ba.

Wannan shuke-shuke mai ban sha'awa shine mafi kyawu tare da kyawawan furanni iri-iri.

Game da girma orchids a gida, kuna buƙatar yin nazari a hankali ba kawai hanyoyin kulawa ba, har ma da cututtukan da furannin ke saukin kamuwa da su.

Menene Fusarium Rot?

A matsayinka na mai mulki, nau'ikan cututtukan 3 sun shafi orchids, waɗanda tsoffin ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifar da su:

1. Raunin Naman gwari - wadanda suka fi yawa ta jinsuna, sun bayyana a ganyayyaki a cikin sifar furanni da tabo mai launin ruwan kasa mai lalacewa, suna haɓaka cikin sauri kuma suna haifar da lalata furanni (game da abin da ke sa ganyen orchid ya ruɓe da abin da za a yi game da shi, karanta anan)
2. Raunin ƙwayoyin cuta - mafi yawanci yakan haifar da ruɓewar rhizomes, a hankali yana yaduwa zuwa ɗaukacin tsiron, yayin da ganyen shukar ke canza launi daga kore zuwa rawaya mai duhu, ya zama mai cike da aibobi da marurai.
3. Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda a ciki aka rufe ganyayyaki da tabo a cikin sifofin mosaic na zagaye ko fasali mai kama da yaushi. Wannan nau'i na lalacewa ana ɗaukarsa ba magani.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar orchid sun bambanta - rashin hasken rana, wuce gona da iri ko rashin danshi, zafi sama ko hypothermia.

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, mafi yawan sune cututtukan fungal na fure. Kuma daga cikin fungal, fusarium na orchids ya fi kowa.

Fusarium cuta ce ta tsire-tsire ta fungi na jinsin Fusarium... Ana ɗaukar sa a matsayin cuta mai saurin yaduwa. Naman gwari ya shiga fure ta cikin rhizome ko yankin da ke kusa da tushe, haka kuma ta hanyar tsaba ko tsire-tsire da ke da ƙwayoyin fungal.

HANKALI: A cikin orchids, ana samunsa a cikin nau'in Fusarium - tushe, wanda aka bayyana a ruɓewa na tushen shuke-shuke, da tushe, yana shafar mai tushe, ganye da furanni, yana sa su so. Fungi ta hayayyafa ta hanyar launuka masu launuka iri-iri (conidia) - shunayya, fari ko ruwan hoda.

A farkon bayyanuwar a kan tushe da kuma tushen tushen farin-ruwan hoda daskararrun a cikin sifofin kananan kwallaye, ya zama dole a raba shuka daga sauran furanni sannan a ci gaba da jinyar kai tsaye. Cututtukan fungal na dabbobi ana iya warkewa a farkon matakai, kafin lalacewar tushe.

Hoto

Duba hoto na fusarium a cikin orchids:

Alamomi

Sake bugun fusha a cikin tushen jijiya na iya kaiwa daga watanni 8 zuwa shekaru 1.5. Da farko, asalin orchid, wanda fungal spores ya shafa, ya koma ja, kamar dai yana samun launin tan. Sa'annan depressions sun bayyana a kan asalinsu, kamar dai an ɗaura su da zare sosai. A nan gaba, a ƙarƙashin tasirin yawan adadin spores, wuraren ja na rhizomes sun yi duhu, sun fara ruɓewa (za ku iya gano yadda za a sake gwada wani orchid idan tushen ya lalace ko ya riga ya ruɓe a nan).

Naman gwari yana ɓoye gubobi na musamman waɗanda ke gudana a cikin tasoshin abinci mai gina jiki, suna kashe fure a hankali kuma a hankali tana toshe hanyoyin. Wadannan gubobi a bayyane suke bayyane akan sassan shuke-shuke a cikin sigar zoben ruwan kasa masu duhu a bangon jijiyoyin jini.

A sakamakon haka, danshi ya daina shiga cikin kwayar shuka, kuma sun fara mutuwa daga rashin ruwa. Yankunan da abin ya shafa na duwatsun sun zama masu launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, saiwar ta zama ta zama sirara (mun bayyana dalla-dalla abin da za a yi idan asalin orchid ya faɗi a nan). Ganyayyaki sun fara zama rawaya. Ci gaban cutar yana farawa daga saman orchids kuma a hankali ya bazu cikin fure.

Dalilin

Kamar yadda aka sani, duk wani naman gwari zai fara bunkasa a yanayi mai kyau:

• yawan takin mai magani nitrogenous;
• saukar da zazzabi a cikin ƙasa;
• lalacewar asalinsu yayin dasawa ko kwari iri-iri;
• babban adadin ruwa lokacin shayarwa;
• fifikon peat a cikin ƙasa ta fure;
• rashin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa waɗanda ke ƙarfafa ayyukan kariya na furanni;
• rashin zagayawar iska a cikin ɗakin;
• gishirin kasar gona.

Menene haɗarin?

Rashin ruwa da ke shiga cikin kwayayen shuke-shuken saboda toshewar jiragen ruwa masu dauke da guba mai guba, kazalika da lalata rhizome saboda lalacewa yana haifar da bugu da tushe da ganye (karanta game da dalilan rubewa a kan orchid da yadda ake ma'amala da shi a nan). Hakanan shuka mara lafiya haɗari ne ga kewaye furannin cikin gidatunda fungal spores suna saurin yaduwa.

Jiyya

Game da gano fusarium akan orchid, fure mai cutarwa dole ne a ware ta daga sauran tsirrai kuma fara magani, wanda ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:

1. Cire shukar daga cikin tukunyar ki kurkura ta da ruwan dumi.
2. Binciki shi kuma yanke duk wani rubabben gutsure.
3. Lubricated the sassan da kunna carbon narke a cikin ruwa ko maganin antiseptik.
4. Bushe fure.
5. Bi da tsire-tsire gaba ɗaya (tushe, mai tushe, ganye, furanni) tare da kayan ƙanshi (Benomil, Fundazol, Topsin, Fundazim). An shirya maganin Fundazole a farashin 1 g. foda a kowace lita 1. ruwa An gudanar da jiyya sau 3 tare da tazarar kwanaki 10.
6. Shuka fure a cikin sabuwar tukunya.
7. Sanya tukunyar fure a wuri mai ɗumi, dumi.
8. Don rigakafin, kafin dasa shuki, zaku iya fesa ƙasa tare da maganin Fundazol.
9. Tushen ne kawai ake shayarwa; kada ya kasance akwai danshi a kan ganyayyaki da kututturan.
10. Don shayarwa, shi ma wajibi ne a yi amfani da maganin fungicidal, wanda, tare da ruwa, fadowa cikin fure, zai warkar da shi daga ciki.
11. Dole ne orchid ya kasance a cikin zanen aƙalla makonni 3.

MUHIMMANCI: Hanyoyin magani kamar jiƙa cikin ruwa, sanyawa a cikin yanayin yanayi ba zai taimaka wa cututtukan fungal na orchids ba. Moisturearamar wuce gona da iri kawai zai haifar da ƙaruwa na fungal spores.

Idan naman gwari ya shafi dukkanin tsiron, musamman ma tushen tushen, dole ne orchid ya lalace tare da ƙasa. Amfani da tukunya mai yiwuwa ne kawai bayan maganin kashe cuta a cikin maganin ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe (5%).

Fusarium fungi suna da taurin kai a yanayi. A mafi yawan lokuta, har zuwa kashi 70% na ƙwayoyin cuta suna mutuwa yayin jiyya, kuma kashi 30% na iya shiga wani irin yanayi na rashin nutsuwa kuma a kunna shi bayan wani lokaci. Naman gwari na rayuwa na dogon lokaci a cikin kasa da kuma sassan sassan shuka da suka mutu.

Rigakafin

Don hana ci gaban orchid fusarium, ya isa a bi ƙa'idodi na yau da kullun game da fure:

• tsara iska da ƙanshi a ƙasa ta hanyar shigar da iska da sassauta ƙasa;
• Kula da yanayin zafin jiki (ba ƙasa da digiri 15 ba);
• yi maganin kuli-kuli tare da kashe kwayoyin cuta kafin dasa shukar;
• guji yawan shuke-shuke da yawa;
• a cikin ƙasa na peat da kumfa filastik ya zama ba fiye da 20% ba;
• dasa fure kowane watanni shida don kaucewa narkar da kasar;
• lokacin taki, kiyaye ka'idoji don gabatarwar abubuwa;
• samar da isasshen haske ga orchids;
• Binciken yau da kullun na tsire-tsire da ƙasa a cikin tukunya.

Carearin kulawa

MUHIMMI: Bayan orchid ya kamu da cutar fungal, ya zama dole, a tsakanin watanni 3 daga lokacin da aka gano cutar, don aiwatar da maganin rigakafin shuka da shayar da tushen tare da maganin kayan gwari.

Ana ba da shawarar sarrafa furanni a ranar shayarwa, lokacin da yawan ɗumi ke ci gaba. Orchid ana kulawa da shi musamman a hankali yayin haɓakar shukar, yana mai da hankali sosai ga sabbin harbe-harbe.

Don motsa ci gaban sabon harbi akan orchid, yi amfani da manna tare da hormone cytokinin... Ya kamata a saka tukunyar fure a cikin ɗaki, ɗaki mai haske. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a guji hasken rana kai tsaye. Ganyen shuka yayi duhu tare da rashin haske, idan suka zama rawaya - wannan yana nuna yawan haske da zafi.

Wararrun masu shuka suna ba da shawarar zaɓar haske ko tukwanen filastik mai haske don orchid don kare tushen daga zafin rana. Don tabbatar da samun iska mai kyau daga asalinsu, ana yin ramuka da yawa a ƙasan tukunyar, kuma kasan tukunyar an rufe ta da magudanan ruwa.

Ana shayar da Orchids dangane da yanayi - a lokacin rani kowane kwana 3, a lokacin sanyi - kowane kwana 10. Orchids suna son danshi sosai, saboda haka yana da amfani lokaci-lokaci a fesa shuka da ruwan dumi. Don kaucewa sake-fungi, an fi yin fesawa da safe, don damshin da ke jikin ganyayyaki ya sami lokacin ƙafewa.

Ingantaccen ciyarwa tare da takin na musamman yana da mahimmancin gaske ga tsiron da ya raunana. A cikin hunturu, ana yin takin gargajiya sau 1 a cikin kwanaki 30, yayin yaduwar sabbin harbe-harbe, ana amfani da takin zamani kowane sati 2.

Kammalawa da ƙarshe

Amincewa da duk ka'idoji don kula da wannan fure mai ban sha'awa da matakan kariya zasu taimaka don kauce wa irin wannan mummunar cutar orchid kamar fusarium. Sakamakon kulawar da ta dace a kan lokaci da ƙarin kulawa ta musamman, shukar za ta faranta wa wasu rai na dogon lokaci tare da kyawawan furanninta masu kyau da kyau.

Kalli bidiyon: A daina yada Jita Jita asalin abin da ya faru game da matar da ta kashe yayanta biyu (Satumba 2024).