Menene mai cin gajiyar kuma wanene mai amfani mai amfani (mai cin gajiyarwa): cikakken bayani da ma'anar kalmar, haƙƙoƙi da wajibai + samfuran takardu don saukewa

Send

Barka dai, masoyan ku masu karanta Ra'ayoyin Rayuwa mujallar kudi! A cikin wannan labarin, muna so mu gaya muku wanene na ƙarshe mai cin gajiyarta (mai cin gajiyarwa), su waye masu mallakar amfani, ta yaya masu cin gajiyar suka banbanta da masu cin gajiyar, da sauransu.

Af, shin ka ga yadda dala ta riga ta kai darajar? Fara samun kuɗi akan banbanci a canjin canjin anan!

Bayan haka, haɓaka alaƙar tattalin arziƙi yana nuna fitowar sababbin batutuwa na wannan fanni na ayyukan tattalin arziƙin al'umma, waɗanda aka tsara ta amfani da kalmomi na musamman.

A cikin samuwar tattalin arziƙin kasuwa, waɗannan rukunin sun zama nau'ikan mutanen da ke cin riba daga nau'ikan ayyukan kasuwanci ko samun kuɗin shiga ta hanyar amfani da kayan saka hannun jari. Ana amfani da wannan kalmar don ayyana irin waɗannan mutane.

Daga kayan da zaku koya:

Mai fa'ida - wanene shi;
Bambanci tsakanin masu cin gajiyar da masu cin gajiyar shi;
Wanene mai mallakar mai amfani (mai shi) da kuma yadda za a gabatar da bayanai game da mai shi mai amfani - ga wane kuma me yasa ake buƙatarsu;
Yadda za a hana cin zarafin haƙƙin masu cin gajiyar - haƙƙoƙi da wajibai
da dai sauransu

Don haka, bari muyi la'akari da kowane bangare daki-daki.

Daga labarin zaku koya komai game da batun "mai amfana" (mai cin gajiyarwa): wane ne kuma menene, wa kuma wane bayani game da masu mallakar amfani, yakamata a gabatar dasu, da ƙari mai yawa

1. Wanene ya ci gajiyar - cikakken bayanin lokacin 📝

Wannan lokacin ya fito ne daga kalmar Faransanci don fa'ida, riba.

Saboda haka, mahimmancin ma'anar kalmar “mai cin gajiyarta"(kuma mai cin gajiyarta) Shine mutumin da yake samun riba.

A cikin ma'anar sauƙi, mai cin gajiyar (mai amfana)- Wannan shine mutumin da ya mallaki kadara, abubuwan tattalin arziki da sauran ƙimar ƙungiyar.

A cikin ayyukan tattalin arziƙi, ba kowane abu ake tantance shi ba ta yawan kuɗin da aka samu a cikin wani lokaci. Hasashe da kwatance na aiki don samun riba suma suna da mahimmanci, kuma a nan asalin sarrafa kuɗin kuɗi ya riga ya zama mahimmanci, saboda ƙimar kowane kasuwancin kasuwanci, yawan kuɗin da aka samu, ya dogara da rarraba su da amfani da su.

Sabili da haka, a cikin ma'ana mafi mahimmanci, ana la'akari da masu cin gajiyar (masu amfana) ba kawai mutane da ƙungiyoyin shari'a basamun kudin shiga daga wasu ma'amaloli na kudi, amma kuma mutanen da ke da ikon sarrafa ayyukan ƙungiyar da zubar da dukiyarta.

Wato, masu cin gajiyar sune mutanen da suka mallaki takamaiman kamfani.

2. Wanene masu mallakar amfani - ma'ana 📝

Ma'anar doka ta mai mallakar amfani tana cikin Dokar Tarayya ta Tarayyar Rasha A'a. 115 na 07.08.2001.

Dangane da wannan ma'anar:

Mai amfani — wannan shinemutumin da, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, yana da babban rabo a cikin mahaɗan doka (fiye da 25%) da ikon sarrafa ayyukan ƙungiyar shari'a.

Wannan ƙa'idar ƙa'idar ta daidaita ɗaya tana ƙunshe da ma'anar mai cin gajiyarwa azaman mutum don amfanin ayyukan da aka aiwatar dangane da kuɗi da kadarori, gami da tushen yarjejeniyoyin da suka dace (hukuma, lamuni, gudanar da amana, kwamiti).

Wanene ake kira mai shi mai fa'ida kuma wanene zai iya zama ɗaya

Dogaro da yanayin dangantakar tattalin arziki da yanayin da suka taso yayin aiwatar da kadarori, ma'anar kalmar "mai cin gajiyar" zai iya dan bambanci.

Dangane da nau'in aiki da halaye ga dukiya, masu cin gajiyar na iya zama:

magada da aka nuna a cikin wasiyyar a matsayin mutanen da suka dauki wasu kadarori a cikin mallaka ko gudanarwa, da kuma mutanen da suke cin gajiyar lamarin yayin mutuwar wanda aka karba na duk wani kudin;
masu ba da haya wanda ke ba da hayar dukiyarsu don biyan kuɗi na yau da kullun;
masu asusun banki;
abokan cinikin kungiyoyin amintattu waɗanda suka ba da dukiyoyinsu ko kuɗinsu cikin amana don samar da kuɗi;
masu mallakar takardun shaida;
mutanen da suke karɓar kuɗi a ƙarƙashin kwangilar inshora;
ainihin masu kamfanonin.

Don tabbatar da lafiyarsu ko don keɓance da'awa daga hukumomin gwamnati daban-daban, a cikin duniyar kuɗi ta yau da kullun suna yawan ɓoye bayanai game da mai gaskiya na wasu kadarorin.

Wannan gaskiya ne musamman game da dukiya da gudanar da kasuwanci na ƙungiyoyin shari'a.

3. Mai mallakar ma'abocin amfani - haƙƙoƙi da fasali 📋

Mai fa'ida mai amfani da ma'aikatar shari'a Shin ɗaya ko fiye na ainihin masu ƙungiyar waɗanda suke da dama ko dama tasiri kai tsaye ko kai tsaye akan ayyukan kamfanin.

A lokaci guda, bayanan sirri na irin waɗannan mutane maiyuwa bazai nuna ba a cikin rajista kuma takardun tsarin mulki na kungiyar ko sa hannunsu a cikin kamfanin na iya zama ba a cika fahimta ba.

Ana san asalin irin waɗannan masu mallakar kawai ma'aikacin banki kuma wakilan kasuwanci.

Wanda zai ci gajiyar kungiyar shari'a zai iya shiga cikin taron masu hannun jari da sauran masu kamfanin, a cikin sake tsarin kungiyar ta shari'a, muryar sa ce ke kan gaba wajen warware batutuwan da suka shafi rabon riba, shigar kungiyar cikin ayyukan saka hannun jari.

Rashin bayyana bayanai game da ainihin masu su amfani akai-akai:

yayin gudanar da kasuwanci ta hanyar amfani da shiyyoyin waje;
lokacin inganta harajin kungiyoyi;
lokacin halatta kudaden da aka karɓa wanda ya saba wa buƙatun doka.

Don tabbatar da sa hannun ainihin mai shi a cikin ayyukan kungiyar yayin da ba bayyana bayanai game da asalin sa, daban-daban tsarin rajistar dukiya da takaddun take.

Tsarin yau da kullun don yin rijistar ikon mallakar masu cin gajiyar su (masu cin gajiyar sa). Lokacin gina manyan tsare-tsare don rijistar kadarori da ƙauyuka, yana da mahimmanci a fahimta da kyau kuma a bayyane kuma ayi amfani da dokokin haraji na hukunce-hukuncen da aka yi amfani da su Tare da ingantaccen gini da tsarin ƙungiyar, da gaske za su zama ba a san su ba, ba haraji ko ƙaramar haraji, kariya daga ayyukan rashin adalci na ɓangare na uku (na uku)

Misali, mai cin riba yana samun damar yin amfani da asusun kamfanin dangane da ikon lauya da aka bayar da sunansa daga wani daraktan da aka zaba. Ana yin mallakar ƙasa ta hanyar mallakar hannun jari ko ta hanyar shigar da daidaikun mutaneaiki a matsayin waɗanda aka zaɓa masu hannun jari.

Ko kuma mai cin gajiyar ya shiga yarjejeniya tare da asusun amintattu don gudanar da hannun jarin kamfanin, samun damar shiga asusun ƙungiyar da ikon sarrafa su, mai cin gajiyar yana karɓa ta hanyar mai amintacce.

4. Wanene babban mai cin gajiyar - ma'anar 📖

Ma'anar ajalin - babban mai cin nasara

Sashin masu cin gajiyar koyaushe yana ƙare tare da takamaiman mutumin da ya karɓi wani riba. Irin wannan mutumin ne wanda ya fi kowa amfana.

Ta wannan hanyar, babban mai amfana — wannan mutum ne cin riba daga ayyukan kamfani ko sarrafa dukiya.

5. Bambanci tsakanin mai amfani da mai cin gajiyar shine babban banbanci 📊

A cikin yawan tushe, ra'ayoyin mai cin gajiyarta kuma mai cin gajiyarta daidai suke, a lokaci guda, a cikin dokokin Rasha, waɗannan sharuɗɗan guda biyu suna da ɗan bambanci.

Manufar mai cin gajiyar ta fi kunci. Don la'akari da haka, mai cin gajiyar ya kamata fiye da 25% rabo a cikin babban kuɗin ƙungiyar kuma ku sami dama ga gudanarwa da sarrafa kamfanin.

Dangane da wannan, masu iko a cikin yaki da ayyukan da suka saba wa doka suna da sha’awa ga masu mallakar kamfanoni masu fa’ida, a matsayinsu na mutanen da ke tantance manufofin kungiyar da yanke shawara kan yiwuwar zamba ta haramtacciyar hanya.

6. Wanene yake buƙatar bayani game da masu amfani mai amfani kuma me yasa 📌

Bayanin mallakar fa'ida yana da mahimmanci ga hukumomin gwamnati domin magance:

halatta kuɗin daga aikata laifi;
ba da tallafin 'yan ta'adda da sauran kungiyoyin ta'addanci;
fitar da kudade ba bisa ka'ida ba a kasashen waje.

Don kungiyoyitsunduma cikin kasuwancin lamuni, bayani game da waɗanda suka amfana da mahimmanci yana da mahimmanci yayin yanke shawara kan samar da rance. Dangane da asalin wanda ya ci gajiyar, ana tantance darajar kamfanin da kuma haɗarin bada rancen nasa.

Bayar da bayanai game da manyan masu cin gajiyar bisa bukatar tsarin banki ya zama tilas ga kungiyoyin da ke son samun rance ko bude asusun banki.

Don ƙaddamar da bayani game da mai amfani, muna ba da shawarar zazzage takaddun samfurin:

Bayanin mai amfani (dos. 60.5 kb)

Bayani game da masu mallakar amfani don dalilan Dokar Tarayya 115 - Sberbank Form (doc. 139 kb)

Samfurin daftarin aiki samfurin (sashe 1)

Bayani game da mai mallakar fa'ida - samfurin cika fom na Sberbank, sashe na 1

A lokaci guda, cibiyoyin bashi a Rasha dole ne ya ba da bayani game da masu cin gajiyar Rosfinmonitoring.

Rashin yin biyayya ga wannan buƙatar na iya haifar da sanya takunkumi mai girma ga ƙungiyoyin da ke cikin harka ta kuɗi:

mahalarta a kasuwar tsaro;
Kamfanonin inshora;
sana’a;
kamfanoni masu ba da haya (Menene lamuni kuma menene don, mun riga mun rubuta a cikin labarin ƙarshe);
kungiyoyin bashi.

Wanene yake buƙatar bayani game da masu kamfanin da kuma me ya sa, gami da masu cin gajiyar su

Ana iya neman bayani game da ainihin masu su daga kamfanin kuma ta tsarin jihar da na birnikazalika da dangantaka kungiyoyin kasuwanci.

Baya ga magance ayyukan haramtacciyar hanya da yaudarar kuɗi, ana iya buƙatar irin wannan bayanin yayin kammala kwangilar sayen jama'a da yawa.

Lokacin bayar da bayanai game da masu mallakar, ana yin takaddar da ke kunshe da bayanai game da masu kamfanin, har zuwa mutanen da suka kafa kungiyoyin da ke cikin kamfanin.

Ana kiran wannan takardar shaidar "Cikakkun bayanai game da jerin abubuwan mallaka, gami da masu cin gajiyar su", Ya ƙunshi bayani game da sunan kamfanin, yadda ake gudanar da shi, bayanan waɗanda suka kafa shi (bayanan kamfanin, bayanan fasfo, adreshin zama na mutane).

Misali na cike takarda:

Misali na cike daftarin aiki "Bayani game da jerin masu mallaka". Kuna iya zazzage takaddun da ke ƙasa mahaɗin.

Zazzage misalin cikawa da samfurin:

Bayani game da jerin masu mallaka, gami da masu cin gajiyar + umarnin don cikawa (doc. - 41.6 kb)

Tebur (misali), inda da wane bayanan da kuke buƙatar tantancewa:

№	INN	OGRN	Gajeren suna	BATA	Cikakken suna	Jerin da lambar takardun manajan
1.	7733267890	1043367890123	LLC "Tulip"	43. xxx	Ivanov Andrey Viktorovich	5133 148317
2.	...	...	...	...	...	...

7. Babban hakkoki da wajibai na mai cin gajiyar (mai cin gajiyar) 📑

Mai cin gajiyar yana da hakkoki da yawa waɗanda doka ta kiyaye. A dabi'ance, ana ba da kariya ga doka kawai don yin rajista dangantaka tsakanin mai cin gajiyar da wakilansa - kamfanin da aka zaba da kuma masu asusuna.

Mai cin gajiyar yana da 'yancin:

zubar da kason su a cikin sha'anin. Mai cin gajiyar na iya, misali, sayar da wani ɓangare ko duk nasa rabo;
sa ido kan ayyukan da shugabannin kamfanin ke gudanarwa, nadawa da kuma tsige babban darakta bisa doka;
shiga cikin haɗin gwiwa da tarurrukan tarurruka, daidai da hannun jarin, shiga cikin yanke shawara;
karɓar kuɗi daga ayyukan kamfanin daidai gwargwadon yawan ribar.

Ayyuka da haƙƙoƙin mai cin gajiyar sun bambanta dangane da yankin dangantakar tattalin arziki wanda mutum ya kasance a matsayin mai cin gajiyar.

Misali, idan kamfani ya kasance a matsayin wanda zai ci gajiyar bayar da garantin banki, to ya zama wajibi ya cika ka'idodi na yarjejeniyar a kan kari.
A wannan yanayin, kamfanin da ke cin gajiyar yana da damar cika alƙawari don biyan bashin da ƙungiyar masu garantin ta ɗauka.

8. Kasancewa cikin masu cin gajiyar (mai cin gajiyar) a cikin inshora da gado

Amfana (mai amfana) a cikin inshora - waɗannan mutane ne waɗanda ke karɓar kuɗin inshora a yayin abin da ya faru na inshora (tare da kwangilar inshorar da aka kammala a baya).

A wannan yanayin, mai cin gajiyar ba dole ba shine mutum ko maigidan kadara, inshora daidai da waɗannan kwangilar.

Misali, yayin samun rancen lamuni, ana inshorar kadarorin da suka shiga mallakin wanda ya ranta, da kuma wadanda ke cin gajiyar idan suka lalace ko suka lalata kayan da batun jingina ne, za a sami mai bin bashi... Aƙalla har sai mai aro ya cika sharuɗɗan yarjejeniyar rancen.

Mai fa'idojin fa'idodin inshora na iya ƙaddara ta hannun mai inshorar kanta. Misali, a cikin inshorar rayuwa, mai cin gajiyar inshorar na iya zama matar mutumin da aka yi inshorar.

A cikin al'amuran gado mai cin gajiyar zai iya canzawa ya danganta da wasiyyar wanda ya yi wasiyyar ko kuma sakamakon mutuwar mutanen da aka nuna a cikin wasiyyar. Don haka, ana iya yin wasiyya ga dangi wanda wanda ya yi masa rikon amanar kula da ƙananan yara.

Ko kuma an nuna dan uwan mamacin a cikin wasiyyar, amma a yayin mutuwarsa kafin ya sami gadon, a hakikanin gaskiya, dukiyar za a karba daga magadan dan uwan (magadan ta hanyar wakilcin).

Don haka, yayin rabon gadon, masu cin gajiyar su ne mutanen da aka nuna a cikin wasiyyar da kuma mutanen da ke da damar gado ta hanyar doka.

9. Kasancewa cikin masu cin gajiyar a cikin garantin banki 📃

A harkar banki, aikin samar da garantin banki yanzu ya zama gama gari.

Lokacin kammala ma'amala tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu, ana cajin ma'aikatar da ke ba da irin wannan garantin tare da cika alƙawari a ƙarƙashin ma'amala ta ɗayan ɓangarorin ko don aiwatar da kwangilar gaba ɗaya.

Ta haka ne yarjejeniyar ta zama yarjejeniyar hanya uku, tare da sa hannun:

garanti (kungiyar da ke ba da garantin);
mai cin gajiyar (ɓangaren da, alal misali, ya kamata a biya lada ta kuɗi don cika ka'idojin ma'amala ko samar da wasu ayyuka);
shugaban (bangaren da ke neman garantin banki).

Shiga cikin shugaban makaranta da mai cin gajiyar a cikin garantin banki - makirci da tsarin aiki

Wanene babba kuma mai cin nasara a cikin garantin banki - bambance-bambance da keɓaɓɓu

Babban Jami'i kuma Mai fa'ida - wadannan su ne bangarorin da ke adawa da juna na shari'a. A wannan yanayin, mai cin gajiyar zai kasance mai ba da bashi, amma babba shi ne mai bashi, inda ɓangare na uku (mai ba da garantin) ya ɗauka saboda gazawar cika alkawuran.

Hakanan ana iya bayar da garantin don cika sharuɗɗan kwangilar don tabbatarwa:

biyan kuɗi a cikin takamaiman yanayi;
dawo da kudaden gaba;
aiwatar da ayyuka a ƙarƙashin kwangiloli da kwangila iri-iri, gami da na jihohi.An ba da garantin banki ta dan kwangila don tabbatar da kudurinsa na kudi;
motsa kaya ta hanyar kwastomomi;
dawo da kudaden da aka bayar a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar bashi.

Duk da sunan, a aikace ana iya samar da irin wannan garantin. kamfanonin inshora kuma kungiyoyin kasuwanci bisa bukatar shugaban makarantar. Wannan yanayin yana cikin yawan rikice-rikicen doka a cikin Tarayyar Rasha.

A gefe guda, bayar da garantin yana da alaƙa da doka ta ayyukan banki, kuma a ɗaya hannun, iyakance kewayen mutanen da ke aiki a matsayin masu ba da tabbacin cikar wajibai na yarjejeniya ya saɓa da aikin ƙasa da rashin ma'ana ya rage girman wannan kayan aikin kuɗi.

Don ayyukan da mai gabatar da kara na Rasha ya tsara a matsayin ayyukan banki, ana iya cin tarar kamfanin inshora ko kuma za a iya soke lasisin sa, saboda da alama yanayin halitta na kamfanonin inshora don tabbatar da cinikin kasuwanci ta hanyar ba da garantin.

Masu cin gajiyar wanzuwar wannan haɗari na iya zama cibiyoyin banki waɗanda ke yin ƙwazo don neman bukatun kansu kuma a halin yanzu suna da madaidaiciyar mamaya a Rasha kan haƙƙin bayyana a cikin kwangila a matsayin garanti. Barancin banki ya sha bamban daga 2 zuwa 10% daga adadin biya na garantin.

Wanda ke cin gajiyar bankin kai tsaye shine bangaren da aka biya mai ba da tabbacin diyya idan gazawar shugaban makarantar ya cika alƙawarinsa a ƙarƙashin ma'amala da aka ƙaree.

10. Kula da mutane da kamfanonin waje 🗺

Kasashen waje ƙasa ce ko yanki na wata ƙasa tare da sauƙaƙan yanayi don kasuwanci. Cikakkun bayanai game da gabar teku - abin da suke, lokacin da ya fi kyau a yi amfani da su, mun rubuta a cikin fitowar ta ƙarshe

A cikin irin waɗannan yankuna na tattalin arziki, akwai manyan dama don ɓoye bayanai a kan ainihin masu kasuwancin saboda tsarin mulki na musamman na rajista da rahoto na ƙungiyoyin da ba mazauna ba.

Dokokin ƙasashe da yawa suna gabatar da ƙuntatawa daban-daban ga mazauna don aiwatar da ma'amaloli tare da ƙungiyoyi masu rajista a yankunan yankunan waje. amma ba za a iya amfani da cikakken haramci ko'ina ba.

An yi amfani da ma'anar "mutum mai iko" kafin bayyanar kalmar "mai cin gajiyar" a cikin dokokin cikin gida. Ga mai hannun jari a cikin sharuɗɗa ya faɗi ƙarƙashin wannan ma'anar, ya zama dole ya mallaka madaidaiciya ko a kaikaice fiye da 50% na hannun jari ko ƙuri'un kamfanin a cikin hukumar mulki. Girman shiga cikin kungiyar ne ya tabbatar da samuwar damar gudanar da kamfanin.

Wannan hanyar ta rikita ayyukan jami'an tilasta yin doka, saboda kaucewa daukar nauyi, ya isa raba kayan a kamfanin tsakanin masu su uku (watau mai shi) 49 % hannun jari na kungiyar ya tafi daga alhakin).

Amincewa da 'yan majalisar cikin gida na kalmar "mai cin gajiyarta", An ba shi izinin rage ɗan bambanci tsakanin kalmomin aiki da ainihin ayyukan tattalin arziƙi, yana mai da hankali kan yiwuwar sarrafa ƙungiyar.

A halin yanzu a karkashin mutane masu iko sune masu mallakarsu ba kasa da 10% hannun jariwanda ke basu damar yin zabe, da kuma wadanda suke rike da mukamai a kungiyar da ke basu damar yin tasiri a kan hanyoyin yanke shawara a kamfanin.

Kare haƙƙin mai cin gajiyar daga ayyukan ɓangare na uku - shawarwari na asali

11. keta haƙƙin mai cin gajiyar - shawarwari don kiyaye haƙƙoƙin 📄

Hakkin wanda ke cin gajiyar duk wasu masu kasuwancin sa da kuma kula da kamfanin sa.

Babban hanyoyin take hakkin mai shi shine:

Rashin bin yarjejeniyar da aka kulla tsakanin masu ita ko tare da kamfanin haya na kamfanin;
Yin ayyukan haramtacciyar ƙungiya, haɗe ba tare da lasisin da ya dace ba;
Rage ikon mai cin gajiyar sarrafa ayyukan kungiyar;
Conoyewa ta hanyar gudanar da kamfanin na bayanai game da ainihin yanayin lamura a cikin ƙungiyar;
Matsala don karɓar kudin shiga daga ayyukan kamfani ko gudanar da dukiya.

Don gujewa mummunan sakamakon keta haƙƙin haƙƙin mai cin gajiyar, an ba da shawarar ƙarshe na yarjejeniyar da aka rubuta, ciki har da Yarjejeniyar amincewa.

Irin waɗannan yarjeniyoyin na iya tabbatar da rashin bayyana bayanai game da mai cin gajiyar da kuma ainihin mai kadarar ko kamfanin, tare da ba da damar dawo da diyya daga ayyukan da ba na doka ba ko na ƙwarewa.

12. Shin akwai kungiyoyi ba tare da masu cin gajiyar su ba 🔔

Organiungiyoyin da ba su da masu cin gajiyar na iya zama ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu daban-daban, tunda manufar su samun riba.

Game da kungiyoyin kasuwanci, to, tabbas, idan akwai riba, to suma akwai wadanda suke karbar kudin shiga. Koyaya, sau da yawa ba zai yiwu a kafa babban mai cin gajiyar ba.

Sabili da haka, duk da ƙarfin iko da cibiyoyin banki da hukumomin gwamnati don kafa ainihin masu cin gajiyar, tsare-tsaren da ake da su na ɓoye ainihin masu kasuwancin. ba ka damar kiyaye asalin wanda ya amfana da shi a asirce, musamman a cikin sha'anin gudanar da amintarwa na kasuwanci ko kadara.

Dangane da sabon abu game da ma'anar wanda zai ci gajiyar tattalin arzikin cikin gida, aikin amfani da wannan kalmar, ma'anar hakkoki, wajibai da nauyin da ke wuyan masu cin gajiyar a aiwatar da ayyukan ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci masu sarrafawa da gudanar da abubuwa daban-daban, ba cikakke ba tukuna.

Hakanan ana samun cikas ga wannan ta hanyar sa hannun wasu politiciansan siyasa da ma'aikatan gwamnati cikin inuwar wasu tsare-tsaren kuɗi da kadarori.

A lokaci guda, yana tabbatar da gaskiyar bayanin game da ainihin masu mallaka, hannun jari da hannun jari a kamfanoni, musamman waɗanda ke da ikon sarrafa ƙungiyoyi, zasu ba da izini inganta ingancin haraji kuma don kare mahalarta kasuwar gaskiya daga kasancewa cikin damfara da dama ta haramtacciyar hanya.

A ƙarshe, muna ba da shawarar kallon bidiyo game da wanene mai cin gajiyar kuma shin akwai bambanci a cikin ra'ayoyin "mai shi mai amfani" da "mai cin gajiyar":

Ya ku masu karanta mujallar "RichPro.ru", idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi ko kuna son raba abubuwan da kuka sani game da batun, da fatan za a rubuta su a cikin bayanan da ke ƙasa.

Send