Furen Gloxinia: tukwici da kulawa mai kyau a gida

Ya faru cewa furen kyawawan kyawawan abubuwa ya faɗo a hannunmu, wanda har yanzu ba mu saba da shi ba. Wataƙila kyauta ce, ko tsire-tsire da aka siyo kantin sayar da kaya. A kowane hali, Ina so in kiyaye wannan kyakkyawa.

Saboda haka, abu na farko da zaka yi shine ka san shuka sosai. Gano abin da yake so da abin da kwata-kwata ba ya yarda da shi. A cikin wannan labarin, zamuyi nazarin gloxinia, ƙa'idodin kula da fure a gida da buƙatu don ayyuka masu mahimmanci.

Bayanai na waje da suna na biyu

Bayyanar, ko kuma launin furen gloxinia, abin birgewa ne cikin kyawawan kyawunta. Manyan furanni da aka karkata zuwa sama suna kama da kararrawa a siffa, gefunan su ne kaɗai kewaye. Akwai shi da fari, ruwan hoda, purple, ja, ruwan kasa mai duhu da rawaya.

Petals na mafi yawan gloxinia suna da tsari:

• kayan ado kamar yadin da aka saka;
• bambancin speck, ko faɗakarwa mai faɗi a gefen gefen fentin.

Ganyen Gloxinia suna oval, velvety, babba, kore, wanda yake kusa da ƙasa. Peduncles tsirara Shuka ba ta da tsayi, 20-25 cm. Tuberous rhizome. A dabi'a, yana zaune a Amurka daga Brazil zuwa Mexico, da kuma a cikin Andes. Na dangin Gesneriev ne.

Sunan fure na biyu shine sinningia, don girmama mai kiwo wanda ya yi aiki a kai, W. Sinning.

Shuka hotuna

Da ke ƙasa akwai hotunan wannan kyakkyawar furen.

Mahimman bukatun abun ciki

Yadda ake kula da fure a gida daidai? Abu mafi mahimmanci ga gloxinia, kamar kowane tsire-tsire, shine yanayin da ya dace don kiyayewa:

1. Yanayin yanayi don wannan kyakkyawa, ɗaki na yau da kullun ya dace a cikin zangon daga 18 zuwa 23 digiri. A lokacin hutu, gloxinia yana buƙatar rage zafin jiki zuwa digiri 10-12. Wajibi ne don karewa daga canje-canje kwatsam a cikin zafin jiki da zayyanawa.
2. Danshi mai iska ya kamata ya kasance sama da matsakaici, iska mai bushe yana shafar fure da ci gaban shukar.
3. Hasken wuta ana buƙatar lokaci mai tsawo, aƙalla awanni 12 a rana, amma dole ne a yada hasken. Sabili da haka, ƙarin hasken wuta ba zai cutar da ku ba. Alamar rashin isasshen haske shine ganyayen da aka ɗaga sama.
4. Kasar gona don gloxinia ya kamata ya zama sako-sako, yalwata. Cakudawar ƙasa don violets tare da ƙari na vermiculite azaman foda yin burodi ya dace. Zaku iya tattara ƙasa da kanku daga ƙasa mai ganye, peat da yashi tare da ƙarin ƙaramin takin zamani ko rubabben taki.

   Arin ya kamata ya kasance a cikin adadin 200 gr. don lita 5 na ƙasa. Zata samar da sinadarin nitrogen ga Gloxinia har zuwa dasawa ta gaba. Dole ne a shimfida layin magudanan ruwa na ƙananan duwatsu, kwakwalwan bulo ko sauran kayan da suka dace a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
5. .Arfi don gloxinia, ana buƙatar ƙarami kaɗan na kusan 500-700 ml. Tukunyar ta zama takaice amma faɗi da zata dace da tsarin tushenta. Dole ne ya zama akwai ramuka a ƙasan don magudanar danshi mai yawa.

Ban ruwa daidai

Shin ina bukatan fesa gloxinia? A cikin kulawar gloxinia, shayarwa na taka muhimmiyar rawa kuma yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Yana da mahimmanci yadda ake shayarwa, menene, a wane lokaci da kuma sau nawa.

Babban abu a cikin wannan kasuwancin shine daidaito. Lokacin shayarwa, ba za ku iya hawa kan shukar kanta ba, har ma da ƙari, a cikin mashigar da kan maɓallin girma... Wannan na iya kashe gloxinia.

Wajibi ne don samar da ruwa a cikin bakin rafi zuwa gefen tukunyar. Ko amfani da ruwan dumi. Ya isa a riƙe akwati da wannan ƙaramin tsire a cikin ruwa na mintina 10.

Ruwa dole ne ya kasance a zafin jiki na ɗaki, babu mafi girma ko ƙasa. Tana buƙatar a ba ta izinin zama, musamman taɓa ruwa, don chlorine ta yi ƙafe. Ruwa tare da ƙara tauri bai dace da ban ruwa ba. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine narkewa ko ruwan sama, idan ze yiwu.

Yaushe za a sha ruwa? Shayarwa safe tafi ruwa da yamma, Danshi mai danshi da daddare yana son ci gaban cutuka daban-daban. Dole ne sha'anin ƙasa ya kiyaye shi sosai. Ya kamata ya bushe a saman, amma bai bushe ba kwata-kwata.

A ƙarshen bazara, kuna buƙatar haɓaka lokaci a hankali tsakanin ruwan sha domin a hankali kawo tsire-tsire zuwa lokacin bacci.

Tsarin Bush

Wasu daga cikin nau'in gloxinia suna fure sau biyu a kowane lokaci. Yawancin lokaci yakan faru kamar haka: farkon furan shine Mayu-Yuni, sannan shiri, da kuma furanni na biyu - kafin farkon kaka. A lokacin shirye-shiryen, ana buƙatar datsa shukar. Idan gloxinia ɗinka ya girma gaba ɗaya duk lokacin bazara, ba a buƙatar wannan aikin.

Ana shirya don sake fure:

1. Duk yanka da ganyayyaki an yanke su, banda 3-4 na mafi ƙanƙanta.
2. Gloxinia ta hadu da shirye-shiryen da ke karfafa ci gaban shuka.
3. Bayan fewan kwanaki, matakalan sun bayyana. An zabi manyan harbe guda 3, sauran kuma an yanke su.
4. Bayan makonni 2-3, ana amfani da taki don shuke-shuke masu furanni.

Ta yaya kuma yaushe za a yanke shi don hunturu?

Gloxinia ta shiga cikin rashin kwanciyar hankali a ƙarshen kaka... Ana iya ganin tana cin ruwa kadan, kuma harbe-harbe da ganye sun fara bushewa. Wannan tsari ne na dabi'a wanda bai kamata a tsorace shi ba. Kuna buƙatar samar da yanayin da ake buƙata na wannan lokacin.

Da farko dai, dukkan sassan iska na shuke yana yanke lokacin da ya bushe, sannan kuma zaku iya yin hakan ta hanyoyi biyu:

1. Saka tukunya tare da tuber na tsawon watanni 3 a cikin wuri mai duhu, wuri mai sanyi, kana tuna yin moisten ƙasa sau biyu a wata. Zafin jiki mai dacewa shine digiri 10-15. A cikin wani gida, gloxinia winters da kyau a ƙarƙashin gidan wanka, ko kuma a wani wurin da ya dace.
2. 10-14 kwanakin bayan ɓangaren tsire-tsire ya mutu, kuna buƙatar tono tushen-tubers, share ƙasa. Na gaba, ana sanya tuber a cikin jaka tare da cakuda ƙasa da vermiculite. Zaka iya amfani da yashi ko sawdust. Babban abu shine cewa substrate yana da ɗan danshi.

   Abu ne mai sauki a duba: matsi dunkulen kasar gona a dunkulallen hannu da maras nauyi, dunkulen ya kamata ya rabu, kuma kada ya tsaya tare. Dole ne a rufe kunshin kuma a sanya shi a ƙofar firiji.

Kuna iya neman ƙarin bayani game da shukar hunturu anan.

Dasa tuber

Mun riga mun gano mazaunin gloxinia da matakan asali don kula da ita, amma akwai wasu maki waɗanda kuke buƙatar sani game da su.

Horarwa

Muna fitar da tuber a cikin jaka daga firiji. Bude, yayyafa tuber da ruwa da ruwa. Rufe shi sosai kuma saka shi a cikin digiri 22-25 mai ɗumi da wuri mai haske. Sa'an nan kuma muka lura: tsiro zai bayyana a cikin sati ɗaya da rabi zuwa makonni biyu... Tuber a farke yake kuma a shirye yake don yin shuki a ƙasa.

Idan kun adana tuber a tukunya, to ya kamata a cire shi daga ƙasa, a kurkure shi, kuma a ci gaba ta hanya ɗaya. An dasa tuber da aka farka a cikin ƙasa mai gina jiki mai ɗorewa.

Matakai na gaba

Mafi nisa kuna buƙatar samar da kulawa mai kyaudon shuka ta bunkasa daidai kuma ta yi fure:

1. Muna ba da duk yanayin da ake buƙata - zafin jiki, zafi, haske. A lokacin bazara, tabbas zaku buƙaci ƙarin hasken fure a ƙarƙashin fitilun don samun tsawon hasken rana da kuke buƙata a cikin awanni 12-14.
2. Shayar da shuka daidai. Da farko, kuna buƙatar ruwa kaɗan, wanda girmansa zai riƙa ƙaruwa a hankali.
3. Da zaran koren tsire ya bayyana, kwana 40-60 bayan dasawa, zamu fara ciyar da takin ma'adinai don shuke-shuke masu furanni. Ya kamata su hada da phosphorus, potassium da sauran abubuwan alamomin. Suna buƙatar amfani da su sau biyu a wata har zuwa ƙarshen fure.

   Ana bada shawarar a yi amfani da takin mai amfani da nitrogen kawai kafin samuwar buds sau daya a kowane mako 2. Koyaya, akwai haɗari cewa tsiron zai zama mai kiba ba fulawa ba. Saboda haka, yana da kyau kada a yi amfani da su kwata-kwata. Madadin zai zama ƙasa mai ni'ima tare da ƙarin takin ko rubabben taki. Duk wani takin mai magani ana amfani dashi kamar awanni biyu bayan shayarwa.

4. An haramta feshin tsire-tsire! Idan kana son kara danshi, to sai ka fesa iska a kusa da shukar. Danshi da ke makale a cikin ganyayyaki na iya haifar da cututtukan fungal da lalacewar shuka.
5. Muna duba shuka a kai a kai don kamuwa da cututtuka da kwari.
6. Muna ba da hutun gloxinia na tsawon watanni 3-4 a cikin hunturu.

Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa da cututtuka

An riga an yi gargadi Bari mu bincika duk matsalolin da zasu iya shawo kan gloxinia.

Cututtuka:

• Roter tuber.

  Yawan danshi a cikin ƙasa, yawan hadi nitrogen, da kuma ruwan da ya fada cikin yanayin girma na iya haifar da lalacewar tushe. Alamar ita ce ganyen da ke digowa wanda baya tashi bayan an sha ruwa. Ya kamata ku tono asalin, bincika shi.

  Idan mahimmin ci gaba ya ruɓe, to, kuna buƙatar tushen mafi ƙarancin yankewa, kuma ku watsar da tushen. Idan ruɓaɓɓen yana cikin wani wuri, dole ne a yanke shi, kuma sai a riƙe tushen a cikin ruwan hoda mai ƙanshi na potassium permanganate na mintina 15-20. Yayyafa yanke tare da gawayi. Bar tuber ya bushe na kwana 3. Sannan a maida shi cikin tukunyar.

• Lightarshen bala'i.

  Da farko, shukar kawai tana bushewa, sannan dukkan sassanta na sama suna fara ruɓewa. Lokaci ya yi da za a adana, ya zama dole a kawar da furen da ya kamu don kiyaye sauran tsire-tsire daga kamuwa da cuta.

• Fusarium.

  Raunuka masu duhu akan tushe, ɗigon ruwan kasa akan tushen abin wuya da launin ganye mai ruwan kasa. Sai kawai a matakin farko zaka iya ƙoƙarin jurewa da cutar ta hanyar magance ta da kayan gwari.

Kwari: kwari da jan gizo-gizo. Lokacin da aka bincika, ana iya samun kwari a kan tushe da kan bayan ganye.

Ana amfani da magungunan kwari don magance. Bugu da kari, ya zama dole a kara danshi na iska, wanda kwari basa kauna.

Sauran matsaloli:

1. Faduwa buds. Wannan saboda rashin wadatattun lokutan hasken rana da kuma rashin abubuwan alaƙa.
2. Reddening na ganye yana faruwa tare da rashin phosphorus.
3. Ganyen rawaya alama ce ta yawan shan ruwa da kuma rashin sinadarin nitrogen.
4. Farin ganye yana nuna rashin magnesium.
5. Mirgina ganye yana faruwa a yanayin ƙarancin ƙarancin iska.
6. Bayyanar tabo iri-iri na yanayin rashin kamuwa zai iya zama sakamakon kunar rana a jiki, ruwan sanyi don ban ruwa ko zayyana.
7. Ingantaccen tsire-tsire da furannin da suka lalace suna nuna ƙarancin zafin iska.
8. Pedananan peduncles, gefan ganye masu jujjuyawa, furanni marasa tsari na iya zama sakamakon shayarwa da yawa.
9. Lalata na buds da petioles na faruwa tare da yawan ban ruwa, ƙara yawan acidity na ƙasa da yawan abincin nitrogen.
10. Rashin furannin shine sakamakon rashin kulawa mara kyau, rashin lokacin yin bacci da kuma rashin bin ka'idojin tsarewa.

Kammalawa

Gloxinia ba shine "shuru" tsakanin tsire-tsire na cikin gida ba. Tana da kamewa kuma tana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa. Koyaya, babu wani abin da zai gagara a kula da ita. Bi duk sharuɗɗa da ƙa'idodi don kada wannan kyakkyawa mai ban sha'awa ya kamu da rashin lafiya kuma ya faranta muku rai da kyawawan furanninta.