Santa Maria del Mar - Cocin fitacciyar cocin Barcelona

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Santa Maria del Mar yana ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginen Gothic da ba a saba da su ba a cikin Barcelona da Spain ma. Wannan basilica, wanda aka fi sani da Naval Church of St. Mary da Naval Cathedral na Barcelona, shine kawai cocin da ke raye a cikin tsarkakakken salon Gothic na Catalan.

Wannan keɓaɓɓiyar jan hankalin tana cikin kwata-kwata La Ribera na Tsohon garin Barcelona.

Tunanin tarihi

Bayan Alfonso na Hudu Meek ya ci yaƙi da Sardinia a 1324, sai ya yanke shawarar gina kyakkyawar haikalin a Barcelona. Kuma tunda yawancin yaƙe-yaƙe a cikin wannan yaƙin an yi su ne a cikin teku, babban cocin ya sami sunan da ya dace: Santa Maria del Mar, wanda ke nufin Katolika Naval na Maryamu.

A lokacin bazara na 1329, Sarki Alfonso na hudu da kansa ya aza dutse na alama a kafuwar babban cocin da zai zo nan gaba - wannan ma an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar rubutun da aka yi a gaban ginin, wanda aka yi da Latin da Catalan.

Cocin Santa Maria del Mar a Barcelona an gina shi cikin sauri - cikin shekaru 55 kawai. Abin birgewa ga wannan lokacin, saurin bayanin an bayyana shi ne gaskiyar cewa mazauna duk yankin kwata-kwata na La Ribera, waɗanda ke haɓakawa da haɓaka arziki saboda masana'antar ruwa, suna cikin aikin gini. Cocin Naval na Barcelona an tsara shi ne a matsayin cibiyar addini don talakawa, don haka duk mazaunan La Ribera sun shiga cikin aikin ginin. A wannan halin, masu kawo tashar jiragen ruwa sun yi kusan rawar gani: su da kansu suka ciro daga wurin fasa dutse a Montjuic duk ginin dutse da ake buƙata don gini. Abin da ya sa ke nan a ƙofofin babbar tashar jirgin akwai wasu adadi na ƙarfe na masu lodin da aka ɗauke a ƙarƙashin nauyin manyan duwatsu.

A cikin 1379, gab da Kirsimeti, wuta ta tashi, saboda wane ɓangaren tsarin ya faɗi. Tabbas, wannan ya yi nasa gyare-gyare kuma ya ɗan ƙara tsawon lokacin ginin, amma babu wani abu kuma: a cikin 1383 an kammala cocin Santa Maria del Mar.

Girgizar ƙasa da ta faru a 1428 ta haifar da mummunan lalacewa ga tsarin, gami da lalata gilashin gilashi a gefen yamma. Tuni a cikin 1459, an maido da haikalin gaba ɗaya, maimakon wanda aka azabtar, sabon gilashin gilashin gilashi ya bayyana.

A cikin 1923, Paparoma Pius XI ya girmama Cocin Naval da taken ofananan Papal Basilica.

Gine-gine Santa Maria del Mar

A tsakiyar zamanai, yawancin waɗannan manyan gine-gine yakan ɗauki dogon lokaci - aƙalla shekaru 100. Saboda wannan ne yawancin gine-ginen zamanin da suke ƙunshe da abubuwa daban-daban na tsarin gine-gine. Amma Basilica na Santa Maria del Mar a Barcelona banda. An gina shi a cikin shekaru 55 kawai kuma yanzu shine kawai tsararren misali na tsarkakakken Catalan Gothic. Basilica da gaske tana tsaye don ban mamaki game da tsarin salo, wanda kwata-kwata ba sabon abu bane ga manyan sifofin gine-gine na da.

An gina sifa mai fa'ida da dutse gabaɗaya, ko'ina akwai jirage masu yawa na bango tare da shimfidar santsi da ƙaramin adon. Babban façade yana kewaye da duwatsu masu dutse, kamar dai da gangan ɗora dutse mai ƙarfi. Babban kayan ado shine babban gilashin fure-gilashin gilashi wanda ke saman ƙofar ta tsakiya, akwai kuma windows matsakaita masu ƙyalli da bakuna masu kaifi (duk da cewa basu da yawa daga cikinsu).

Babban tashar tashar basilica an yi ta da fa'idar baka mai faɗi tare da ƙyauren ƙofofin katako waɗanda aka rufe da sassaka abubuwa. A gefen ƙofar da ke bangon akwai zane-zane na Waliyyan Bitrus da Bulus. Akwai hotunan mutum-mutumi a jikin sandar: Yesu zaune, a gaban wanda durkushe Maryamu Maryamu da Yahaya Maibaftisma suke tsaye.

Hasumiyar kararrawa na Santa Maria del Mar ba su da bambanci: suna da yanayi, suna kaiwa mita 40 ne kawai a tsayi, kuma ba sa ƙarewa da tsaka-tsalle, wanda ya saba da katolika na Gothic, amma tare da madaidaiciyar saman.

Mahimmanci! Entranceofar ginin yana da dama ga mutanen da ke da rauni.

Basilica a ciki

Ra'ayin da aka kirkira yayin tunanin bayyanar Basilica na Santa Maria del Mar ya sha bamban da yadda ake ji a cikin babban tsarin. Ya zama ba a iya fahimta kwatankwacin yadda a bayan wannan katangar dutse mai nauyi da duhu za a iya samun sarari mai haske sosai! Kodayake a Spain, da a Turai, akwai majami'u da suka fi Katidral Naval girma a Barcelona, babu sauran manyan majami'u. Wannan sabanin ra'ayi ne, amma ana iya fahimta.

Gothic na Catalan yana da irin wannan fasalin: idan haikalin yana da hawa uku, to dukkan kusoshin guda uku suna da kusan tsayi iri ɗaya. Don kwatankwacin: a kusan dukkanin katolika na Gothic na Turai, tsayin gefen ƙanƙan yana da ƙasa da tsakar ta tsakiya, sabili da haka ƙarar sararin cikin yana da ƙasa sosai. A cikin Basilica na Santa Maria del Mar, babban rufin yana da tsayin mita 33, kuma naves ɗin gefen suna tsayin mita 27. Wannan shine ɗayan asirin dalilin da yasa aka ƙirƙiri jin babban fili a cikin tsari.

Kashi na biyu na wuyar warwarewa shine ginshiƙai. Basilica na Santa Maria del Mar ba shi da manyan ginshiƙai waɗanda suke gama gari a cikin gidajen ibada na Gothic. Anan akwai kyawawan abubuwa, da alama sun yi siriri sosai don irin wannan sikelin-tsari mai girma, pylons octagonal. Kuma suna nesa da mita 13 daga juna - wannan shine matakin da yafi fadi a duk majami'un Gothic na Turai.

Amma ga kayan ado na ciki, babu wani keɓaɓɓen "chic da kyalkyali tare da walƙiya mai haske". Komai tsayayye ne, an kame shi kuma yayi kyau.

Kwatanta farashin Masauki ta amfani da wannan Fom din

Bayani mai amfani

Santa Maria del Mar a Barcelona tana a Plaça de Santa Maria 1, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.

Kuna iya zuwa Basilica daga kusan kowane kusurwar Barcelona:

ta motar yawon bude ido, sauka a tashar jirgin saman de de Palau;
ta metro, layin rawaya L4, dakatar da Jaume I;
ta motar birni mai lamba 17, 19, 40 da 45 - Pla de Palau ya tsaya.

Lokacin buɗewa da tsadar ziyara

Kuna iya ziyartar coci kwata-kwata kyauta:

daga Litinin zuwa Asabar hada - daga 9:00 zuwa 13:00 kuma daga 17:00 zuwa 20:30;
ranar Lahadi - daga 10:00 zuwa 14:00 kuma daga 17:00 zuwa 20:00.

Amma tun da wannan lokacin kusan ya dace da lokacin sabis, ƙofar masu yawon bude ido na iya iyakance.

Shirye-shiryen balaguro

Daga 13: 00 (Lahadi daga 14:00) zuwa 17:00, za a iya ziyartar Basilica na Santa Maria del Mar tare da rangadin jagora. Ma'aikatan cocin suna ba da yawon bude ido a cikin Ingilishi, Spanish da Katalan. Akwai shirye-shirye da yawa, amma babu ɗayansu da aka yarda wa yara yan ƙasa da shekaru 6.

A lokacin hutu, ana iya canza hanyar tafiye tafiye, ko kuma a soke wasu yawon shakatawa saboda yanayin yanayi. Don kowane canje-canje, da fatan a ziyarci gidan yanar gizon Santa Maria del Mar: http://www.santamariadelmarbarcelona.org/home/.

Ga yara masu shekaru tsakanin 6-8, waɗannan balaguron kyauta ne, sauran rukunin baƙi dole ne su sayi tikiti. Duk kudin shiga da aka samu daga balaguro suna zuwa aikin maidowa da aikin da nufin kula da yanayin basilica.

Yawon shakatawa na rufin gida

Hawan saman rufin ginin, yawon bude ido na iya gano duk mafi kusancin wuraren sa kuma ya yaba da tsarin ginin sa, ya kuma yi matukar yabawa da hangen nesa na Barcelona. Akwai shirye-shirye biyu: cikakke (minti 55 - awa 1) kuma an taƙaita (minti 40).

Cikakken farashin tikitin shirin:

don manya - 10 €,
don ɗalibai da masu karɓar fansho sama da shekaru 65, da kuma membobin ƙungiyar fiye da mutane 9 - 8.50 €.

Kudin tikiti don rage shirin:

don manya - 8.50 €;
ga ɗalibai da masu karɓar fansho sama da shekaru 65 - 7 €.

Maraice Santa Maria del Mar

A wannan yawon shakatawa na awa ɗaya da rabi, yawon buɗe ido na iya bincika dukkan kusurwoyin cocin kuma su saurari tarihinta. Hawan hasumiyoyin zuwa matakan rufin daban, baƙi ba kawai suna samun kusanci kusa da bangarorin ginin ba, har ma suna ganin ƙananan titunan El Born, manyan gine-ginen Suite Velha, da kuma kallo mai ban mamaki na 360º na Barcelona da dare.

Farashin tikiti:

na manya 17.50 €;
ga ɗalibai, waɗanda suka yi ritaya, da kuma mambobin rukunin mutane sama da 10 - € 15,50.

Duk farashin a cikin labarin na Oktoba 2019 ne.

Amfani masu Amfani

Don ziyarci basilica, kuna buƙatar zaɓar tufafinku a hankali - dole ne ya dace da wuri mai tsarki. Shorts, gajeren skirts, hannayen riguna marasa kyau riguna ne koda a cikin yanayi mai tsananin zafi.
Basilica tana da kyakkyawan sauti kuma suna daukar bakuncin ƙungiyoyi a ƙarshen mako. Kuna iya ziyartarsu kyauta. Amma kuna buƙatar samun kuɗi tare da ku, tunda ma'aikata suna karɓar gudummawa don kula da basilica. Kuna iya ba da kowane adadi, kuma ƙin bayar da gudummawa alama ce ta rashin ɗanɗano.
Duk wanda ke da sha'awar hubbaren Santa Maria del Mar tabbas zai so littafin da marubucin Sifen din nan Idelfonso Falcones "Cathedral of St. Mary" ya yi. An buga wannan littafin a cikin 2006 kuma ya zama mafi kyawun siye, an fassara shi zuwa harsuna 30.