Dokokin kulawa da hotunan Pelargonium Yug: Shukar, Varvara Krasa, Nina da sauran nau'ikan daga zaɓin Y. Gonchar
Pelargonium wani fure ne wanda ya mamaye zukata da tunanin masu noman furen tsawon ƙarni uku.
Smallananan wakilai na flora suna da farin ciki da launuka masu haske da ƙanshi mai daɗi.
Haka kuma, yana daya daga cikin shuke-shuke masu fara'a. Fure mai kyau da kyau zaiyi nasarar hadewa acikin kowane yanayi.
Amma yana da mahimmanci a san yadda za'a kula da shi yadda yakamata kuma a sake shi.
Tarihin asali
Indiya da farko ana ɗaukarsa mahaifar pelargonium, amma wannan bayanin kuskure ne. Kuma duk saboda, an kawo shi ne a jiragen ruwan Turai waɗanda ke raƙuman tekun Indiya. Kamar yadda ya juya Afirka ta Kudu gidan gaskiya ne na pelargonium... A can, a Cape of Good Hope, masu jirgin ruwa sun sayi shuke-shuke masu ban sha'awa don masu shayarwa da masu ilimin tsirrai. A wannan ɓangaren na duniya, an sami 80% na nau'in sanannen pelargoniums.
A cikin 1951, an ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar amateurs da breeders a Ingila ƙarƙashin sunan Britishungiyar Biritaniya ta Pelargonium da Geranium, ƙarƙashin jagorancin John Cross. Godiya ga wannan, sabon tasirin farin jini na pelargoniums ya fara, sha'awar kyawawan furanni sun farfaɗo, wanda baya ɓaci har ma a yau.
Magana. Fiye da tsire-tsire miliyan 100 ake girma da sayarwa a duniya kowace shekara.
Bayyanar da iri
Pelargonium ɗan adam ne, wanda yake tsiro-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire. Abubuwan inflorescences ba su da tsari. Petals farare ne, ruwan hoda, inuwar ja.
'Ya'yan itacen shine kaɗan na tsaba tare da sepals. Ganye kore ne, an rufe shi da ƙaramar villi. Ganye na da kamshi mai dadi.
Masana a fannin ilimin tsirrai sun kirga sama da nau'ikan pelargonium 250, waɗanda aka raba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi 30. Babban rukuni:
- shiyya-shiyya;
- aiwi;
- mai kamshi;
- sarauta;
- mala'iku;
- na musamman.
Gonakin greenhouse a cikin Burtaniya, Belgium, Holland, Rasha suna cikin aikin zaɓi na pelargonium. Ina so in nuna haske ga mai kirar gida Julia Gonchar. A dalilin irin wadannan nau'ikan:
- Pelargonium Yug-Aksinya.
- Kudu Alexandra.
- Yug-Anisa.
- Kudancin Giselle.
- Yug-Yesenia.
- Kudu Dey.
- Kudancin Tamila.
- Kudancin Ireland.
- Kudancin Siberia.
- Yug-Eter da sauransu.
Bayani da hotunan nau'ikan nashi Y. Gonchar
Da ke ƙasa akwai cikakken kwatancen da hotunan nau'ikan Shukar, Varvara Krasa, Nina, Kamaliya.
Nina
Tsire-tsire na nau'in yanki, girman dwarf... Furanni iri biyu masu faɗi, kodadde kodadde ruwan hoda mai launi mai launin shuɗi mai ɗanɗano. Busharamin ƙaramin daji mai sauƙi yana ƙirƙirar kanta. Kara da peduncles suna da yawa, na jiki, an karkata zuwa sama. Abubuwan inflorescences suna kama da wardi. Launin ganyayen zinare ne mai kan iyaka.
Wannan nau'in pelargonium ya sami suna ne don girmama tsohuwar Julia Gonchar. Farashin yankewar itace yakai 1000-1500 rubles.
Shukar
Wannan mahangar ma na mallakar shiyya ne. Girman daidai ne, yana buƙatar siffa. Inflorescences suna warwatse a wurare daban-daban. Shades: ceri, mulufi, duhu ja da tints. Aƙan furanni rabin-biyu ne kuma mai sauƙi, babba a cikin girma. Siffar petals ta ɗan daɗe. Sunan "Shukar" a fassara daga yaren Gypsy yana nufin "kyakkyawa"... Farashin yankan kafe ya bambanta daga 1000 zuwa 1200 rubles.
Barbara Krasa
Erect zonal plant, girman dwarf. Gandun daji yana da yawa, mai yawa, mai sauƙin tsari, yana da ci gaba na yau da kullun. Furanni manya ne, biyu, ruwan hoda mai haske. A cikin rana yana ɗaukar mafi tsananin launin ruwan hoda. Pelargonium yana fure na dogon lokaci da yalwa. Zaku iya siyan daskararren tsakuwa a tsakanin 500-700 rubles kowane daya.
Kamaliya
Fure na yanki, girman dwarf. Branched daji, koren ganye. Abubuwan inflorescences suna da siffa ta asali, ta ɗan shaƙu. Launi launin ruwan hoda ne, mai sauƙi zuwa mai arziki. Yanayin furannin shine terry. Nau'in ya bambanta a cikin dogon furanni, har ma a cikin hunturu. Kudin yanke ɗaya shine 700-1000 rubles.
Ta yaya kuma a ina za a shuka?
An zaɓi akwati don pelargonium tare da ƙaramin diamita. Karamin shuke-shuken fure zai kiyaye fasalinsu da kyau a cikin su, shima fure kai tsaye ya dogara da girman fulawar... A cikin manyan tukwane, tsire-tsiren ya ƙi yin furanni. Kayan kwantena, zai fi dacewa yumbu. Ana buƙatar layin magudanar ruwa mai aƙalla kauri 2 cm.
- Sanya tsire-tsire a cikin tukunya a hankali, tushen tushen yana da rauni.
- Sannan a yayyafa shi sosai da ƙasa, ba tare da ya taɓa shi ba.
- An danshi a ɗan dumi da ruwan dumi.
Hasken wuta
Kuna buƙatar haske mai yawa. Shuke yana son rana da haske mai haske. Ya kamata a ba fifikon windows windows a gefen kudu. Koyaya, tare da rashin iska mai kyau, zai iya zafi sosai, a wannan yanayin dole ne a ɗanyi duhu na ɗan lokaci. Tare da rashin hasken rana, ganyayyaki sun zama rawaya, ƙananan sun bushe. Don kambin lush iri ɗaya, dole ne a juya furen a kai a kai zuwa rana, ko dai gefe ko ɗayan.
Kasar gona
Don dasa shuki da sake dasawa, kasar gona tana bukatar sako-sako da iska, mai wadatar iska, wadatar da ma'adanai. Za a iya siyan ƙasa don pelargonium a shirye a cikin shagunan lambu... Ko dafa shi da kanka.
Abubuwan da ke cikin irin wannan cakudawar ƙasar: ƙasar ganye, peat ko humus na takin, yashi. Duk abubuwan haɗin dole ne su kasance cikin daidaito daidai.
A matsayin kariya, zai fi kyau a kunna abubuwan da ake haɗuwa a cikin mintina 30. Hakanan zaka iya ƙara perlite a matsayin wakili na sassautawa.
Yanayi don shuka furen cikin gida
Pelargonium ba furen cikin gida bane mai buƙata... Koyaya, don tsire-tsire mai kyau da kyau, kyawawan yanayi suna da mahimmanci.
- Ya kamata a shayar da furen cikin gida da yawa, amma a lokaci guda, ruwan bai kamata ya tsaya a cikin tukunyar ba. Ana buƙatar shayarwa a yalwace, kowace rana, musamman a yanayin zafi. A lokacin hunturu, baku buƙatar ruwa da yawa, amma bai kamata ku kawo ƙasa don kammala bushewa ba. Idan shayarwa tayi yawa, alamomin launin toka-toka suna bayyana akan ganyen, wani lokacin kwayar tana ruɓuwa, wanda zai haifar da asarar shuka. Idan kun sha ruwa kadan, furen ya bushe, ganyen ya fara zama rawaya, ya bushe.
- Shaƙƙarwar iska ba ta da mahimmanci ga pelargonium, akasin haka, yawan ɗanshi da ƙarancin iska na iya haifar da cututtukan fungal na fure. Fesawa bai kamata ayi ba.
- A lokacin dumi, tsarin yanayin zafin jiki mafi kyau shine + 18 -22 C °. Cikakken yanayin zafin iska, musamman a cikin gida, shima zai cutar da shukar.
- A lokacin sanyi, pelargonium yana cikin yanayin bacci. Yakamata a mayar da shuke-shuke zuwa daki mai zafin jiki na + 12 ° C da iska na yau da kullun. Zai iya zama loggia, baranda, greenhouse. Watering ya zama kadan. Wintering yana gudana daga kusan Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu. A ƙarshen hunturu, pelargonium zai fara farkawa a hankali.
- Dasawa da kuma yanke. Ya kamata a aiwatar da waɗannan hanyoyin kowace shekara, zai fi dacewa a cikin bazara, tsakiyar Maris. Don tsire-tsire su sami kyan gani, ya zama dole a yanke guda. Yi wannan aikin kawai tare da wuka mai kaifi a hankali. Partsananan sassan shuka za su iya ruɓewa. Kuma don haɓaka haɓaka, reshe, tsunkule da harbe.
- Don tabbatar da wadataccen abinci, fure yana buƙatar ciyarwa, ana amfani da takin gargajiya. Amma yana da mahimmanci a sanya kayan ado na sama, bi duk umarnin da aka nuna akan kunshin:
- Ciyar da "Mr. Launi" Saintpaulia a lokacin ko kafin fure 1 hula ta kowace lita 1 na ruwa.
- "Gilea" - ƙaddamarwa da aka ba da shawarar shine iyakoki 2 a kowace lita.
- "Fertimix" vermicompost don furanni iyakoki 3 da lita 1, yi amfani da shi sau 1 cikin kwanaki 10-14.
Mahimmanci. Yi amfani da ruwa mai tsafta kawai a zazzabin ɗaki.
Kar a saka abinci mai gina jiki a yanayin zafi. A wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire zai jimre wa damuwa.
- Da farko, ya kamata a matsar da shi zuwa wuri mai sanyi.
- Na gaba, tabbatar da shayar da furen, in ba haka ba takin na iya ƙone tushen.
Fiye da duka, shukar tana buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki a lokacin bazara da bazara. saboda haka kuna buƙatar ciyarwa kafin farkon Satumba, kimanin sau 1 a cikin sati 2... Bai kamata ku ciyar da tsire-tsire da aka dasa ba ko kawai sayayyar shuka, kuna buƙatar jira aƙalla wata 1. Hakanan ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da takin mai ma'adinai don furanni masu cuta tare da lalacewar tushen tushe.
Hanyoyin haifuwa
Yankan
A ƙarshen furan, an yanke saman pelargonium. Bar saman ganye 3, sauran an cire.
- Dole ne a kula da sassan tare da kayan gwari, ash ko carbon mai aiki. Ana yin hakan ne don kada kwayar uwar daddawa ta ruɓe.
- Sannan ana sanya yankan a cikin tabarau na gaskiya tare da magudanar ruwa, ana saka zaren coke ko yashi mai laushi a ciki, kuma an cika shi da ruwa.
Wani zaɓi yana yiwuwa, sanya yankan a cikin akwati da ruwa kuma, yayin da ya bushe, dole ne a ƙara shi.
Tushen ya bayyana da sauri, bayan kwanaki 10-12... Dole ne a kiyaye zafin jiki a cikin dakin aƙalla + 20 ° С. Bayan haka, an dasa cutukan da aka kafe a cikin kasar da aka shirya a baya a wuri na dindindin, inda suke ci gaba da bunkasa.
Na gaba, zaku iya kallon bidiyo game da dasawa:
Rarraba daji
Idan daji ya girma, zaka iya raba shi. Mafi kyawun lokaci don wannan shine bazara, lokacin da ake dasa shuki da sabunta ƙasa.
- Da farko dai, ana fitar da furen daga cikin tukunyar kuma ƙasa mai wuce haddi tana girgiza.
- Sannan ana duba kodarsa da kyau.
- Yankin da ke da kodar lafiya an raba shi kuma an dasa shi zuwa wani akwati.
Cututtuka da kwari masu cutarwa
Pelargonium yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka daban-daban da kwari... Amma har yanzu suna haduwa:
- Grey mold, cutar ganye. Kuna buƙatar magance shi kamar haka: cire ganyayen da suka lalace, dakatar da shayar da tsire-tsire, saka shi a rana, fesa tare da wakilin antifungal.
- Rot na tushen abin wuya na fure yana tasowa tare da yawan danshi. Wannan lamarin ya zama bala'i ga pelargonium.
- Tsatsa ta bayyana kamar ɗigon rawaya a ƙasan ganye.
Rigakafin cututtuka shine maganin tsirrai tare da maganin antifungal kafin lokacin sanyi. An kuma fesa shi da kayan gwari, magani "Doctor Foley" daga fungi. Dole ne a cire sassan shuka da abin ya shafa. Daga cikin kwari, manyan kwari sune whitefly, aphids, ticks, thrips, mealybug.
Majalisar. Kafin sayen fure, bincika shi a hankali, zaku iya harba wasu shuke-shuke masu lafiya. Ana kula da su tare da wakilai tare da kayan kwari na kwari, misali, "Doctor Foley" daga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Ba shi da wahala a girma pelargonium a gida... Musamman idan kun bi ƙa'idodi na yau da kullun na kula da tsire-tsire. Sannan furen zaiyi girma da kamshi don murna.