Yadda ake shuka daji Begonia?
Shrub begonia wani kayan lambu ne wanda yake na jinsi na dangin begonia. Ya bambanta a cikin tabarau da dama da kulawa mara kyau. Kuna iya shuka fure a cikin tukunya da kuma cikin filin fili.
Bush begonia ya haɗu da halaye na bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiya: kyawawan furanni da kyawawan ganye. Shrub begonias sune mafi bambancin kuma mafi sauƙin girma. Ana kiran Begonias daji saboda yanayin su - suna girma kamar daji kuma suna da yawa da yawa waɗanda suke da reshe da ƙarfi. Wannan nau'in begonias ana wakiltar shi da kwalliya tare da kyawawan ganyayyaki na kayan kwalliya tare da ƙananan furanni masu ban sha'awa waɗanda ke yin furanni duk shekara. Daga cikin begonias na wannan nau'in, zaku iya samun tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire 5 cm da girman si-mita 3.5.
Bayanin tsirrai da tarihin asali
Tarihin shuka mai sauki ne: gwamnan tsibirin Haiti, Monsieur Begona, kawai yana jin daɗin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. A yayin balaguron da aka shirya don nazarin fure na West Indies, Michel Begon, tare da shahararren masanin ilimin kimiyar tsire-tsire Charles Plumier, sun gano al'adun da ba safai ba. Suna da kyau kuma basu da alamun analo a duniya. Masanin ilimin tsirrai Charles Plumier ya sanya sunan begen nasu bayan majiɓincin sa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Magana! Shrub begonia yana ɗaya daga cikin tsire-tsire mafi sauƙi don girma. Ta sami wannan suna ne saboda gaskiyar cewa suna girma a cikin hanyar daji tare da yawancin harbe-harben gefe. Bushaya daga cikin daji na iya samar da tushe har 5. Saboda wannan, tsire-tsire yana da siffar lush.
Bush begonias suna da kyawawan ganye masu siffofi daban-daban, masu girma dabam da launuka. Furen kansu kanana ne kuma kyawawa. Furewar tana ɗauka duk shekara idan an kula da ita sosai a cikin amfanin gona na cikin gida. Ba don komai ba ne ta sami sunan "har abada". Akwai na shekara-shekara da na shekara-shekara. A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da shekara-shekara don haɓaka a waje.
Furannin begonia suna ƙananan, yayin fure da yawa buds suna yin furanni. Babban fasali na nau'ikan ya kasance tsayi mai tsayi, madaidaiciya kara, yawancin rassa na gefe sun bar shi. Furannin suna mai da hankali ne akan rassa na gefe ta fuskar goge a kan manyan dabbobin. Suna iya zama terry, semi-double da fringed. Suna kama da kamanni zuwa wardi. Tushen shukar yana da kauri, mai nama, amma ba ya ba da ransa ga rarrabuwa.
Shuka hotuna
Fasali na bayyanar a hoto:
Dokokin sauka
Ayyukan shuka sun haɗa da jagororin masu zuwa:
- Lokacin dasa shuki, cika 1/3 na tukunyar da kayan magudanan ruwa. Kuma saka gawayi a saman. Kaurin sa yakai 2-3 cm Wannan zai hana ci gaban rubawa.
- Sanya begonia tare da clod na ƙasa a cikin akwati kuma cika nauyin sararin samaniya tare da cakuda ƙasa.
- Bayan dasa, shayar da shuka.
- Don aiwatar da ayyukan dasa shuki a cikin bazara, a tsakiyar watan Maris, lokacin da haske da hasken rana ya zama dole don ci gaban fure.
- Kafin dasa shuki, farada bishiyar begos a cikin kwalaye ba tare da binne su a cikin kwayar ba. Ya kamata wurin ya zama mai haske, yanayin zafin jiki ya kasance digiri 16-18, kuma damshin iska ya kasance 60-70%.
Za ku sami ƙarin koyo game da dasa shuki da kulawa na gaba na begonias mai furanni a cikin fili da gida a nan.
Haske da wuri
Don wannan al'ada, wajibi ne a zaɓi wuri mai haske, ba tare da tasirin rana kai tsaye ba. Zai fi kyau a fallasa begonias zuwa tagogin gabas ko yamma. Lokacin da aka girma a waje, zaɓi yankin da hasken rana ya bazu. Don daji begonias, canje-canje a cikin hanyar haske ba yarda bane. Don haka ba a ba da shawarar juya shi ba.
Bukatun ƙasa
Furen ba shi da buƙatu na musamman don ƙasa. Kuna iya siyan samfurin da aka shirya a cikin shagon ko shirya shi da kanku. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da waɗannan abubuwan masu zuwa daidai gwargwado:
- peat;
- ƙasa baƙi;
- yashi.
Hankali! Tare da ƙasa mai kyau, begonia za ta yi farin ciki da ci gaba mai haske da dogon furanni. Ganyen zai zama mai daɗi, lafiyayye, kuma akwatin zai yi kauri da ƙarfi.
Kulawar gida
Shayarwa da danshi
A kula da bishiyar daji, yana da mahimmanci a bi ruwa mai dacewa. Soilasa ya kamata ya zama ɗan ruwa kaɗan, amma ba rigar ba. A cikin hunturu, rage danshi. Yi amfani da ruwa mai laushi kawai don shayarwa. Ana iya samun sa ta daidaitawa, daskarewa ko tacewa.
Begonia tana buƙatar iska mai danshi don ci gaba da ci gaban al'ada. Don kara zafi, yi amfani da hanyar feshin sararin samaniyar furen.
Zaku iya kara danshi ta hanyar sanya kwantena da furanni a cikin tire tare da faɗaɗa yumbu da kuma zuba ruwa a kai. Yana da mahimmanci cewa ruwan bai taba ƙasan tukunyar ba, in ba haka ba saiwoyin zasu ruɓe.
Zazzabi
Zafin jiki mafi kyau don girma begonias daji shine digiri 20-25. A lokacin hunturu, yawan zafin jiki bai kamata ya sauka kasa da digiri 15 ba. Lokacin hunturu lokaci ne na shuki na shuka. A wannan lokacin, ci gaba ya tsaya kuma adadin furanni yana raguwa. Furanni na iya ɓacewa a cikin daji tsawon makonni 2-3. Don buson daji, ba a ba da izinin zafin jiki da zane ba. Daga wannan ne suke zubar da budarsu.
Taki
Don ciyarwa, yi amfani da takin mai rikitarwa wanda aka tsara don shuke-shuke masu furanni. Sallama su sau 2 a wata. An fi amfani da abubuwan sarrafa ruwa. A mataki na samuwar kwayayen dabbobi, yi amfani da takin phosphorus-potassium:
- Bud.
- Ovary.
- Pollen.
Mahimmanci! Tsirrai baya buƙatar nitrogen, tunda furanni na begonia bazai iya faruwa daga ƙarancin ruwa tare dashi ba.
Yadda ake dasawa, kulawa da kuma yayata irin waɗannan begonias kamar Terry, Royal, Elatior, Cleopatra, Bauer, Ampelnaya, Bolivian, Maple-leaved, Diadem da Smaragdovaya, zaku koya a cikin labarai daban akan shafin yanar gizon mu.
Cututtuka na yau da kullun da kwari
Daga cikin kwari, gandun daji begonia zai iya shafar kwarin gizo-gizo da aphids. Idan farin farin, an sami sanda a jikin ganyen, to waɗannan alamun suna nuna kamuwa da cuta. Wajibi ne a wanke ganye tare da ruwan dumi tare da ƙarin sabulu (sabulu 20 g na lita 1 na ruwa). Bayan jiyya da magungunan kwari. Idan tsiron yana cikin filin budewa, to sai azuba shi da shredded taba.
Begonia na shrub galibi yana fuskantar cututtukan fungal, gami da:
Ruwan toka. Wannan cutar ta bayyana kanta a matsayin launin ruwan kasa. Humara ƙarancin iska na iya shafar ci gaban tsarin tafiyar cuta. Don kawar da lalacewar toka, ya zama dole don daidaita shayarwa da kuma kula da matakin mafi kyau na zafi a cikin ɗakin.
Ana watsa yaduwar cutar ta iska da ruwa yayin ban ruwa. Tare da kamuwa da cuta mai karfi na fungi, ka watsar da tsire domin sauran ba zasu kamu da ita ba. Lokacin da aka gano alamun farko na launin toka, a bi da Begonia tare da kayan gwari na yau da kullun (Amma, Infinito).
- Farin fure. Wannan cutar ta bayyana kanta a matsayin fararen fata akan ganyayyaki. Fesawa akai-akai da ajiye fure a zazzabi mai zafi na iya shafar ci gabanta. Ina amfani da Fundazol don magani.
Haifuwa nuances
Bush begonia yana hayayyafa ta hanyoyi biyu:
- Yankan. Yi a cikin bazara tare da matasa harbe. Yanke guraben da wuka mai kaifi kuma sanya a cikin gilashin ruwa. Cuttings da sauri ya ba da asalinsu. Bayan wannan, ana iya zamarsu a ƙananan kwantena. Mahimmancin matakin nauyi ne a matakin farko. Canja wurin shuka zuwa manyan tukwanen da aka cika da ƙasa mai ƙoshin lafiya kwanaki 30 bayan rooting. Yaran shuke-shuke sun fara fure watanni 3-4 bayan dasa shuki.
- Dasa tsaba. Ana yin dusar kayan dasa kayan yayin aikin wucin gadi. 'Ya'yan shukar suna kanana, saboda haka kar a rufe su da kasa lokacin shuka. Ana amfani da babban kwano mai fadi don shuka. Rufe shi da layin ƙasa, watsa iri a kan farfajiya kuma danna ƙasa kaɗan ta amfani da gilashi. Rufe akwatin tare da polyethylene kuma sanya shi a wuri mai dumi.
An fara harbe-harbe na farko a cikin makonni 2-3. Da zaran ganyaye 2-3 sun bayyana, za'ayi zaƙi. Dasa shuki yana taimakawa cikin saurin ci gaban shuke-shuke. An tsinke sprouts sau 3. Bayan sau 3, dasa tsiro a cikin kwantena daban. Yanzu samar da shuka da zafin jiki na digiri na 15-17. Don dasawa, yi amfani da yanayin ƙasa kamar yadda ake dasa shukokin shuke-shuke.
Kuna iya karantawa game da nuances na haifuwa na begonia mai ɗorewa, wanda ya haɗa da nau'ikan daji, anan.
Shrub begonia tsire-tsire ne masu haske da dogayen furanni. A cikin barin, ba son zuciya ba ne, amma har yanzu yana buƙatar bin wasu dokoki da halaye, waɗanda ma mai farawa zai iya jimre su.