Komai game da orchids a cikin yanayi: hotuna, yadda suke girma da yadda suka bambanta da gida
Orchid yana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin furanni waɗanda aka daidaita don kiyaye gida. Amma ba kowa ya san inda kuma wane nau'in waɗannan tsire-tsire suke girma a cikin daji.
Iyalin orchids suna da bambanci sosai, kuma ba duk nau'ikan jinsin mutane zasu iya zama gida ba. Masu ƙaunar waɗannan furannin za su so su san yadda orchids suke girma ba tare da sa hannun ɗan adam ba.
A dabi'a, wannan furen yana girma akan manyan yankuna kuma yana haifar da kyan gani ga idanun layman. Launuka daban-daban da girma dabam suna sa orchid ya yi kama da juna.
Waɗanne nau'i da launuka ne tsire-tsire na daji?
A yau, akwai fiye da jinsin dubu 30 na waɗannan tsirrai. A cikin daji, waɗannan furannin suna ninka cikin sauri kuma suna yin kwalliya tare da sauran furanni, shi yasa suke canzawa koyaushe. Andara yawan samari da yawa sun bayyana, ba a san adadin su ba.
Akwai manyan nau'ikan orchids guda uku:
- Saprophytes (rayuwa cikin ƙasa).Wannan nau'in ba shi da chlorophyll, amma furanni sun kunshi harbi daya, wanda aka rufe shi da kananan sikeli, wanda ya kare da goga fure. Wani fasali shine rashin yiwuwar samuwar sabbin hanyoyin tushen - furannin saprophytic suna tsotse ruwa daga humus substrate tare da dukkan fuskar.
- Epiphytes (yayi girma akan bishiyoyi). Mafi yawan nau'in a cikin wurare masu zafi. Irin waɗannan furannin suna girma a kan bishiyoyi, a kan duwatsu da kan duwatsu, suna amfani da su azaman tallafi, amma ba sa yin parasitizing. Wannan jinsin ne mutane suka dace dashi don kiwo a gida.
- Furen ƙasa. Wannan nau'in ya hada da furannin bulbous wadanda suka yadu a Amurka da Turai, haka kuma a wurare masu zafi. Shine kawai nau'in orchid da zai iya girma a cikin sararin samaniya.
A cikin daji, zaku iya ganin orchids kusan dukkanin launuka da tabarau - monochromatic, sautuna biyu, har ma da fasali. Launin da babu shi a yanayi shine shuɗi. Hakanan yana da wuya ƙarancin samun shuɗi mai ruwan ɗumi - wannan launi koyaushe yana haɗuwa tare da launin rawaya, fari ko lemo (babban launi na shukar).
HANKALI! Black orchids (kamar wardi da sauran furanni) babu su a cikin yanayi saboda shuke-shuke ba su da kwayar halittar da ke da alhakin irin wannan launin.
Masu kiwo yanzu suna iya yin launin kowane furanni mai launin shuɗi ko baƙi, amma kuna buƙatar fahimtar cewa wannan launi ba yanayi bane na shuke-shuke. Ba da daɗewa ba, masana kimiyyar Jafananci suka yi bautar nau'in shuɗi na shuɗi - ɗayansu.
Hoto
Na gaba, zaku iya ganin hotunan sabbin furanni, da kuma inda da yadda suke girma a cikin daji da bishiyoyi:
A ina kuma akan menene suke girma?
Wadannan tsire-tsire suna gama gari a duk nahiyoyi banda Antarctica. A dabi'a, galibi sun zaɓi wuraren buɗewa inda asalinsu zasu sami damar zuwa haske. Tare da su, orchids suna jingina a jikin bishiyoyi da fasa cikin duwatsu, ta amfani da waɗannan ɗakunan a matsayin tallafi. Amma akwai wadanda suka saba sosai da kasar gona - irin wadannan orchids ba su da kamanni da wadanda ake kiwo a gida.
Jinsi na Kudancin Amurka da Afirka suna bunƙasa a yanayin zafi na digiri 28 da sama, da ƙoshin ruwa kashi 60%. Tushen tsarin irin waɗannan tsire-tsire yana kan farfajiya kuma yana cin danshi daga iska, saboda abin da baya bushewa.
A cikin tudu da kuma kan tsaunuka, sun saba da girma a cikin ƙasa ta yau da kullun. Tsarin yanayin zafin rana na yau ya sha bamban da na dare, don haka dole a canza launuka da daidaita su. Mafi shaharar orchid ita ce Yartischik spotted. Wannan tsire-tsire tare da ganye-launin ruwan kasa mai launin toka, 30 zuwa 60 cm tsayi kuma tare da mai tsayi mai tsayi irin na ƙaru-iri yana da launi mai launi shunayya ko shunayya.
HANKALI! Orchids suna iya daidaitawa da kusan kowane yanki na yanayi, suna canzawa kuma wani lokacin suna banbanta da shuke-shuke na cikin gida da aka saba dasu.
New Guinea, Malaysia, Indonesia, Andes, da tsaunukan Brazil suna da yanayin zafi fiye da na wurare masu zafi, amma orchid ma yana girma sosai a can. Saboda hasken da ya fi dacewa, yanayin zafin jiki da yanayin zafi, yawancin jinsunan wadannan tsirrai suna girma a wadannan yankuna.
Babban mashahurin wakilin ƙasashe masu ƙananan zafin jiki shine Cattleya orchid. Wannan fure na iya girma har zuwa mita daya da rabi a tsayi kuma ya bada furanni ashirin ga kowane reshe yayin lokacin furannin. Abin birgewa, wannan jinsin ya girma a cikin kansa sabon sifa - pseudobulb, wanda ke matsayin babban ci gaba ga fure, yana adana dukkan abubuwan gina jiki a cikin kansa.
A cikin yankuna masu tsaka-tsakin yanayi, kusan ba a samun orchids saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin irin waɗannan yanayin zafin jiki yana da matukar wahala a samar da tsarin tushen iska. Domin a nan furanni suna girma ne kawai a cikin ƙasa. A cikin Thailand, waɗannan furannin suna girma a ko'ina, wanda ya ba wannan ƙasa damar a ɗauke ta a matsayin tsaran orchid.
Tsarin rayuwa
Duk da cewa nau'ikan orchids sun sha bamban da juna, tsawon rayuwarsu yana da tsawo sosai. A matsakaici, waɗannan tsire-tsire suna rayuwa daga shekaru 60 zuwa 80.
Hakanan akwai masu shekaru ɗari da gaske, waɗanda a wasu yanayi na iya girma sama da ƙarni. A lokaci guda, orchids suna da rai. Ba sa jin tsoron canjin yanayi, kuma koyaushe suna maraba da hasken rana. Ko da a tsohuwar Japan, irin waɗannan furannin suna girma a cikin gida kuma ana girmama su sosai. Har ma an ba su gado ta gado, wanda ke nuna cewa orchids da gaske sun daɗe.
Bambanci daga gida
Babban fasalin fasalin gidan orchid na gida daga daji shine irin nau'ikan kayan cikin gida. A cikin daji, orchids, a mafi yawancin, suna buƙatar wasu sharuɗɗan da suke da wuyar samu a cikin gidaje da gidaje. A baya can, masoyan wadannan furannin sun samar da yanayi kusa da na wurare masu zafi a gida domin kula da orchids, amma a tsawon lokaci, masu kiwo sun kirkiro sabbin nau'ikan da zasu iya rayuwa a cikin yanayin bushewa.
Magana! Har ila yau, masanan sun ƙaunaci waɗancan jinsunan waɗanda suka dace da girma a cikin ƙasa mai sauƙi - irin waɗannan orchids ma suna da saurin kamawa, amma suna da daraja don kyawun su. Hakanan, orchids na gida suna da ɗan gajeren rayuwa, wanda a matsakaita shine shekaru 8-9.
Wani fasalin daban na orchid na gida shine furannin sa. Wasu nau'in gida suna yin fure kusan duk shekara, kuma a cikin daji kawai a lokacin rani.
A cikin daji, zaku iya samun nau'ikan orchids da yawa, wasu daga cikinsu ba su da ban mamaki, kuma wasu suna kama da samfuran gida. Amma, duk da irin waɗannan nau'ikan, dukkansu suna da kyau ƙwarai, kuma mafi kyawun ƙanshi, wanda ya sa wannan tsiron ya zama ɗayan mafi kyawun ladabi da wakilai na fure.