Menene tushen tushen orchid mai lafiya ko yadda ake kula da fure a gida?

Sananne ne cewa asalinsu suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar kowane tsiro. Orchid ba banda bane.

Koyaya, shuke-shuke na dangin orchid suna da banbanci kuma sun banbanta da tsari sosai daga waɗancan shuke-shuke waɗanda muka saba dasu.

Yana da mahimmanci a sani da la'akari yayin kula da fure.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika yadda lafiyayyun ƙwayoyin orchid suke kama da abin da matsaloli na iya zama.

Tushen tsarin

Dukanmu mun sani daga karatun ilimin halittu na makaranta cewa Tushen suna amfani da ruwan sha da na gina jiki daga ƙasa... Amma ta yaya ainihin tushen ke yin wannan? Bari muyi cikakken duban dukkanin makircin wannan tsari.

Sha ruwan ta tushen yana aiki ne bisa ka'idar osmotic. Osmosis wani inji ne wanda kwayoyin ruwa ke motsawa daga wani yanki na yawan maida hankali (misali, kasar gona mai danshi) zuwa wani yanki na rashin nitsuwa (tushen shuka). Molecules suna motsawa cikin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta masu sauƙin fahimta.

Tsarin osmotic yana faruwa a cikin babba na tushen, wanda ake kira rhizoderm. Shi ne ke da alhakin ɗaukar danshi. A yawancin tsire-tsire, an rufe asalinsu da ƙananan gashin gashin kansu don yin aikin ya zama mai inganci.

Bugu da ari, ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki dole ne su tafi zuwa sauran sassan shukar. Mai alhakin wannan shi ne abin da ake kira silinda mai matsakaici - asalin tushen, wanda ya kunshi kayan ilimi da na kayan kwalliya kuma yana da alhakin jigilar danshi zuwa duk sauran gabobin shuka.

Kafin ruwan da rhizoderma ke sha ya shiga cikin kyallen silinda na axial, "an tace ta" ta hanyar yanayin - wani layin kariya ne wanda aka kirkira daga matattun kwayoyin halittar rhizoderm.

Wannan zane ne mai sauki na tsarin tushen asalin shuka. Menene yakamata ya zama tushen lafiyayyen fure daga dangin orchid, sa'annan zamu gano shi?

Fasali:

Nau'in tushen tushen orchids ya ɗan bambanta - wannan saboda takamaiman hanyar rayuwar waɗannan shuke-shuke.

1. Yawancin jinsunan orchid ba sa samun tushe a cikin ƙasa. Suna girma a kan duwatsu ko wasu shuke-shuke da ke tallafa musu, kuma iri da yawa tare da dogayen doguwa suma suna yin taguwa kusa da kututturan da rassan. Kuna iya gano dalilin da yasa tushen orchid yayi girma kuma me yasa wannan ke faruwa anan.
2. Tun da ba su da tushe a cikin ƙasa, su ma suna da wata hanyar daban ta ciyarwa - suna karɓar danshi daga iska (a cikin dazuzzuka masu zafi da ƙauyuka - a cikin mahaifar orchids - ruwan sama da hazo suna yawaita), kuma ana samun abubuwan gina jiki daga zuriyar dabbobi (ganye, bawo, humus ). A lokaci guda, wasu daga cikin saiwoyin suna "burrow" a cikin matattarar, wasu kuma suna nan a saman, suna "tsunduma" cikin tarkon danshi kuma galibi hotuna ne.

   Hakan yayi daidai - asalin yawancin orchids suna iya daukar hoto kuma zasu iya aiki kamar ganye!

Saboda waɗannan dalilai, tushen orchids ba sa buƙatar rhizoderm mai haɓaka tare da gashin gashi. Maimakon ta an rufe asalin tushen tare da masana'anta na musamman - velamen... Da cikakkiyar magana, wannan iri ɗaya ce, kawai ƙwayoyinta ba sa rayuwa, amma keratinized; Kayan Velamen yana da laushi kuma yayi kama da soso.

Koyaya, matattun kwayoyin halitta basu dace da osmosis ba.

Hoto

A ƙasa kuna iya gani a cikin hoto yadda lafiyayyen tushe daga dangin orchid suke:

Yaya ake samun danshi?

Wannan tsari yana da ban sha'awa sosai kuma yana da daraja la'akari da aya-aya:

• a lokacin ruwan sama ko hazo, ruwa yana sauka a kan tushen, kuma busassun membran jikin kwayoyin velamen sun kumbura;
• lamellae - raƙuman ruwa an ƙirƙira su a bangon ciki na cavities velamen;
• lamellas a hankali suna haɗuwa a ƙarƙashin aikin nauyi da damuwar ƙasa;
• manyan “ɗigon ruwa” ana zana su a ciki kuma suna watsa iska.

Daga kofofin velamen, ruwa ya shiga fitowar. Exoderm a cikin orchids shima baƙon abu ne: bai ƙunshi gabaɗaya da mataccen nama ba, amma yana da ɓangarorin ƙwayoyin rai, abin da ake kira "wurare". Kwayoyin "kayan aiki" da kuma isar da ruwa zuwa silinda na axial.

Me yasa asalin orchid irin wannan baƙon abu bane kuma, da farko kallo, bashi da amfani velamen Layer?

1. A yawancin jinsuna, yana da kauri da yawa da yawa, kuma yana kiyaye tushen daga tasirin waje.
2. Naman gwari da microalgae suna zama a cikin kofofin velamen, suna taimakawa shuka don sarrafa gishirin phosphorus, potassium da sauran abubuwa masu amfani.

Magana! A cikin al'ada, bushe, asalin orchid yana da launin fari-azurfa, kuma idan aka jiƙa (misali, nan da nan bayan an shayar da shi) ya zama kore mai haske. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa lokacin da aka jiƙa, layin velamen ya zama mai haske, kuma ta hanyar sa zaku iya ganin yanayin da chloroplasts.

Yadda ake kulawa a gida?

Idan wani orchid ya bayyana a gidanka, ya kamata ka san hakan tushen tsarin yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman:

1. Abu na farko da za a tuna shine ana kiran tushen orchids "airy". Gudun iska yana da mahimmanci a gare su.

   Sabili da haka, a kowane hali bai kamata a dasa orchid a cikin ƙasa mai yawa ba, har ma fiye da haka a cikin ƙasa ta yau da kullun - tushenta zai shaƙe a ma'anar kalmar ta zahiri. Asa ya zama ya zama matsakaici matsakaici, kuma dole ne a yi ramuka a bangon tukunyar.

2. Idan an dasa orchid a cikin ƙasa mai yawa mai yawa, rufin velamen ba zai samar da tushen sa ba. Dangane da haka, hanyar da al'ada ta saba don shukar danshi ya zama ba zai yiwu ba. Shayar da orchid a karkashin irin wannan yanayin bashi da wata fa'ida - komai ruwan da ka zuba, tsiron ba zai iya sha shi ba. Ruwa zai zauna a cikin tukunyar, wanda hakan zai haifar da ruɓewar ɗabi'a.

   Da yawa daga cikin masu shuka suna cewa game da yanayin orchid, ya fi aminci ga rashin cikawa fiye da sake cikawa - kuma wannan yana da kyau, tunda a yanayi asalin waɗannan tsire-tsire ba su saba da kasancewa cikin ƙasa mai ɗumi koyaushe ba, kuma idan an keta tsarin ban ruwa, da sauri za su mutu. Don kauce wa irin wannan sakamakon, bayan kowace ruwa, dole ne a bar ƙasa ta bushe. Ya danganta da nau'in orchid da dukiyar substrate, wannan na iya ɗauka daga kwana biyu zuwa makonni biyu.

   Magana! Don tushen jirgi, ba a amfani da ruwan sha na yau da kullun, don haka galibi orchids ana yin ta da danshi ta hanyar nitsar da tukunyar tare da shuka a cikin ruwan dumi na kimanin rabin awa. Wannan hanyar shayarwa ta fi kusa da yanayin yanayi wanda shuka ke samun danshi.

3. Tushen jirgi yana da rauni sosai kuma yana da rauni sosai. Sabili da haka, idan akwai buƙatar dasa shuki, ya kamata a yi wannan a hankali sosai.
4. Ka tuna cewa yawancin orchids suna da tushe waɗanda suke da ikon iya daukar hoto. Idan kun hana su hasken rana, shukar zata fara rauni da rauni. Sabili da haka, dole ne a dasa orchid a cikin tukunya mai gaskiya.

Ba da jimawa ko kuma daga baya, masu noman fure suna tunani game da kiwon kai na jinsunan da suka fi so. Ya zama cewa babu wani abu mai wahala a cikin yaduwar orchids. Don haka, karanta kayanmu akan yadda zaka farka da koda mai bacci da kuma goya jariri, da kuma abin da kwan fitila yake, pseudobulba, me yasa ake buƙatar mahimmin ci gaba kuma menene dalilai na rashinsa.

Cututtuka da maganin su

Orchid fure ne mai ban sha'awa, sabili da haka, abin takaici, a cikin yanayi daban-daban game da shi, a sauƙaƙe yana rashin lafiya. DA mafi yawan lokuta matsaloli suna faruwa daidai da asalinsu.

Babban nau'in matsalolin suna ruɓewa da bushewa daga asalinsu.

1. Tushen Orchid a cikin mafi yawan shari'oi sun fara ruɓewa saboda ƙarancin shayarwa. Yawancin masu shuka sabon abu suna yin kuskuren shayar da orchid sosai, wanda ke haifar da ruwan a cikin tukunyar ya tsaya cik kuma ya fara lalacewa.

   Koyaya, a yanayi, orchids suna rayuwa a cikin yanayi na canjin yanayi lokaci-lokaci a yanayin zafi kuma, yayin aiwatar da juyin halitta, sun samar da ingantattun hanyoyin kariya masu yawa daga bushewa. Sabili da haka, basa buƙatar shayarwa akai-akai. Bugu da ƙari, shirya lokaci-lokaci "lokutan fari" yana motsa ci gaban fure-fure (don cikakkun bayanai kan yadda za a kula da kibiyar wata itaciya a lokacin fure, karanta a nan). Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa yayin lokacin bacci (a cikin kowane nau'in yana faruwa a lokuta daban-daban), orchid yana buƙatar ba da ruwa sosai.

2. Bushewa daga asalin zai iya faruwa saboda dalilai guda biyu: rashin danshi ko ƙone sinadarai saboda yawan natsuwa ko zaɓi mara kyau na takin mai magani. A yanayi na farko, dole ne a goge tushen da ruwa mai laushi a zazzabin ɗaki kuma a shayar da shi da kyau. A yanayi na biyu, dole ne a dasa shukar zuwa cikin ƙasa mara ƙarfi.

A lokuta biyu Tushen da abin ya shafa wanda ba za a iya farfado da shi ba dole ne a yanke shi... Ayyade abin da ya kamata a yi wannan abu ne mai sauƙi:

• ruɓaɓɓen tushe sun sami launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa, ya zama siriri ga taɓawa, mai sauƙin yanayi, wanda ke nufin cewa tushen ba komai a ciki, harsashi ɗaya kawai ya rage daga gare shi, kuma ba zai yuwu a maido da shi ba;
• busassun saiwoyi sun zama rawaya, sun zama masu taurin kai da taushi (kar a yi kokarin karya su - wannan na iya lalata tushe; dole ne a datse busasshen tushen ma).

Mahimmanci! Lokacin lalacewa, ya zama dole a yanke shi da rai - in ba haka ba lalacewar za ta yi sauri zuwa asalin lafiya. Lokacin bushewa, zai fi kyau a yi aiki da hankali, kuma a kula da wuraren da aka yanke tare da rauni mai ƙarfi na koren haske.

Bayan yanke shawarar samun irin wannan fure mai ban sha'awa kamar orchid a cikin gidan ku, kuyi nazarin halayen fasalin tsarinta da tsarin rayuwa. Wannan zai taimake ka ka guji manyan kurakurai, kuma lokacin da aka shafe yana karatun zai sami barata ta kyawawan fure.

Kalli bidiyon: YADDA AKE DAUKAR WAKAR KISHIYAR SAMBISA TA 2 DA ZAINAB SAMBISA (Satumba 2024).