Sirrin girma petunias daga "A" zuwa "Z"

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Ba ku san yadda za ku yi ado da baranda ba, loggia, lambun, ko kuma kawai windowsill na ɗakin ku? To wannan labarin naku ne. Za mu gaya muku game da kyawawan petunia, wanda yake cikakke don ado.

Petunia itace tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na asalin wurare masu zafi. Yana jan hankali tare da manyan launuka masu haske. Hada jituwa tare da sauran shuke-shuke na lambu. Sabili da haka, ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don yin ado da lambu ko baranda. Mafi yawan lokuta, masu noman fure suna zaɓar shi don yin ado da baranda, loggias har ma da falon windows.

An yi imanin cewa ƙaramar petunia tana da son rai, kuma samari masu tsiro har yanzu suna da rauni. Amma, duk da wannan, idan kun kusanci tsarin girma da kulawa da petunia daidai, komai zai yi aiki kuma zaku yaba kyawawan furanninta na dogon lokaci, don haka a cikin wannan labarin zamu duba yadda ake shuka tsiro ba tare da kuskure ba daga "A" zuwa "Z" ...

Yadda ake noma daidai?

Mafi kyawun fasahar petunia shine:

Babban damar.
Regular ciyarwa.
Waterarancin shayarwa.
Cire furannin da suka shuɗe.

shi shukar tana kaunar ƙasa mai banƙyama, amma tana da tushe kamar yadda take a cikin gonar lambu ta yau da kullun, da wasu nau'ikan har ma a cikin ƙasa mai sauƙi. Amma ya fi kyau a girma kyakkyawa a cikin mai dausayi, wanda ya ƙunshi peat, turf, yashi kogi, ƙasa mai ganye. Wani babban zaɓi don haɓaka shine ƙara nitrophoska zuwa ƙasa.

A cikin gonar lambu, koren shukar ya zama mai jucier kuma ci gaban sa yana kara sauri, saboda suna da matukar son yanayin yanayin dan kadan.

Girma petunias yana buƙatar yanayi mai haske na musamman. Ta fi son wuraren da ke da haske mai kyau, amma, furanni na iya dusashewa a rana mai zafi. Hakanan ana buƙatar ƙaramar baƙi.

Wutar lantarki ita ce ɗayan mahimman yanayi don haɓaka petunias. Sabili da haka, yankuna masu haske tare da baƙi suna da kyau.

Soilasar da petunia ke tsirowa ya kamata ta kasance mai danshi, amma ba ambaliyar ruwa ba. Yawan danshi zai dakatar da ci gabanta. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a shayar da ƙasar da shukar ta tsiro a ciki. Shuka waɗannan furannin ba zai zama da wahala ba idan kawai kuna bin yanayin haske, shayarwa da yanayin ƙasa.

Zan iya yin shuka a gida?

Shin wannan tsiron zai iya girma a cikin gida? Haka ne, amma yana da wuya fiye da a waje.

Lura! Mafi mahimmanci, ƙasa a cikin akwati mai girma ya kamata ya zama mai haske da ruwan sha.

Sabili da haka, dole ne a mai da hankali sosai ga ƙasa. Don yin wannan, zai isa ya haɗu da ƙasa mai lambu mai sauƙi tare da ƙasa da aka saya akan gishirin peat. Hakanan zaka iya dasa shi a cikin ƙasa da aka siya, amma bayan ƙara hydrogel a ciki. Dole ne a shirya hydrogel a gaba. Ya kamata kuma a sani cewa irin wannan matattarar na rike danshi na lokaci mai tsawo kuma kana bukatar taka tsan-tsan da shayar da tsiron. Ruwa kawai yayin da yake bushewa, musamman tsire-tsire da aka shuka kwanan nan.

Itacen tsire-tsire a cikin tukunya ko kwantena yana haifar da zaɓi mai kyau na akwatin kanta don girma. Shrub da terry petunias suna buƙatar lita 3 na ƙasa ta kowace shuka. Wannan yana nufin cewa ana iya dasa tsire-tsire 3 a cikin kwandon lita goma. Manyan kwantena suna riƙe da danshi tsawon lokaci, saboda haka yana da kyau a dasa tsire-tsire da yawa a cikin babban akwati. Amma ampelous, cascading petunias da sufinias suna buƙatar lita 5 kowace shuka.

Dole ne ya zama akwai ramuka a cikin akwatin don yawan danshi ya fita waje. Idan kun zaɓi akwati mara kyau, to zaku iya cimma kyakkyawa, amma ba dogon lokaci ba. Petunias zai fara bunƙasa, sannan kuma zai rayu cikin irin wannan yanayin. Kuma ba zasu faranta maka rai da dogayen lace da shuke-shuke da yalwar furanni ba. Waɗanne wasu dalilai na iya haifar da rashin launuka da yadda za a kawar da su mun tattauna a nan.

Yana da mahimmanci a cire furannin da suka shuɗe daga shukar. Sirrin girma petunias:

Zaɓin wurin zama - ya kamata ya zama wuri mai haske da ƙarancin haske.
Kasar gona - duka lambu na yau da kullun da aka shirya ta musamman ta amfani da ƙasa da aka sayi peat, tare da ƙari na hydrogel, turf, yashi mara nauyi.
Shayarwa da ciyarwa - ruwa kowace rana, musamman idan kaga cewa dunkulen saman ya bushe. Mafi shayar safe da yamma. Petunia ba ta son danshi mai tsafta, don haka kula da magudanar ruwa mai kyau. Ciyar da kai tsaye tare da takin mai magani na ma'adinai. Babban abu shine cewa ya ƙunshi potassium da phosphorus - suna da alhakin ci gaban furewar buds.

Hanyoyin haifuwa

Zaku iya yadawa ta hanyoyi biyu: shuka shuke-shuke daga tsaba da yanki.

Tsaba

Wannan ita ce hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita don yin shuka, har ma a gida. Sayi tsaba a cikin kwasfa - sun fi sauƙi shuka kuma sun fi girma yawa. Da farko, mun shirya ƙasa kuma kula da yanayin zafin da ake so a 22-25^{game da}C. Muna shukawa a cikin akwati wanda koyaushe akwai magudanan ruwa. Kafin dasa shuki, yakamata a kashe magudanan ruwa tare da raunin magani na potassium permanganate. Yi aikin iri ɗaya tare da ƙasa; yi amfani da shirye-shirye na musamman don cutar da shi.

Shuka tsaba cikin danshi kaɗan amma ba ƙasa mai ɗumi ba. Kafin wannan, yana da kyau a haɗa tsaba da yashin kogi. Na gaba, rufe akwati tare da tsaba tare da gilashi ko tsare. Muna shuka shuki a zazzabi na 22^{game da}C. Don hana ƙasa zama mai laushi, cire kullun daga gilashi koyaushe ko canza fim.

A bayanin kula. Kar a manta da haske mai kyau. Da zaran busan ƙananan daji sun bayyana kuma asalinsu sun daɗa ƙarfi, za ku iya dasa shi a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ko ci gaba da girma a cikin greenhouse.

Kalli bidiyo game da tsirar petunias. Shuka tsaba don shuka:

Ta hanyar yankan

Yana bawa shuke shuke girma da sauri. Yana ɗauke da kasancewar tsoffin tsiro. Don yin wannan, yanke gefen gefen petunia. Sannan Ana kashe cuttings kuma an dasa shi a cikin ƙananan kofuna waɗanda ƙasa mai haske. Mun sanya shi a cikin inuwa mai inuwa. Kar a manta da moistening ƙasa da takin mai mai ma'adinai. Saboda haka, an shirya shuka don hunturu. A lokacin bazara, muna shuka shi a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.

Kalli bidiyo game da yaduwar petunias ta hanyar yanka:

Kayan saukowa

Firamare
Damar shuka.
Kwayoyin cuta.
Seedlings don dasa.
Lambatu
Takin ma'adinai.

Noma

A gida

Shuka iri - mun shirya ƙasa a gaba, dumama shi, zuba shi a cikin akwati. Mun sanya tsaba a cikin akwati tare da ƙasa mai ɗumi (kar a yayyafa su daga ƙasa, ƙila ba za su fito ba). Mun jika ƙasa daga sama. Rufe tsaba da gilashi ko tsare. Mun sanya akwati a wuri mai dumi tare da zafin jiki na 22^{game da}DAGA.
Kula a cikin kwanakin farko bayan germination - bayyana a ranar 5-10th. Idan kasan ta bushe, shayar da ita. Na gaba, hada kwantena a kan taga (don sanya shi mai sanyi). Muna yin iska daga lokaci zuwa lokaci (ɗaga gilashin ko cire fim don kada naman gwari ya bayyana).
Nutse - gudanar da shi kawai lokacin da tsire-tsire yana da ganye 3 nau'i-nau'i. Shayar da ƙasa da yalwa kuma a hankali canja kowane tsire don raba kofuna.
Eningarfafa - a hankali rage zafin jiki zuwa kimanin 10^{game da}Muna fitar da tsire-tsire na minti 10-15. Muna ci gaba da aikin har tsawon kwanaki, zaka iya kara lokacin zama na tsirrai.
Pinching - zamu yi shi da almakashi na yau da kullun, a hankali kuɓutar da ci gaban ganyen da ke bayan zanen gado 4 daga ƙasa. Wannan ya ƙare noman petunias a gida. Shuka ta girma, ta taurare ta faɗaɗa. Yanzu mun aika shi zuwa tukwane, tukwane, ƙasa.

A cikin greenhouses

Shuka iri - muna sayan tsaba a cikin shago na musamman. Muna siyewa ko shirya kanmu da kanmu. Ya ƙunshi peat, yashi, ƙasa. Shafe komai da kyau sannan a zuba tare da maganin sinadarin potassium permanganate. Ana ajiye cakuda mai danshi a cikin akwakun na wasu kwanaki. Kafin cushewa, zamu bakatar da kwalaye tare da peroxide ko potassium permanganate, kafin shuka, zube peat tare da fugnicides. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin peat, layin peat a cikin akwati yana da 2-3 cm kuma ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyi masu kyau, daɗaɗa da kyau har ma.
Mahimmanci! Ba a rufe tsaba da ƙasa don haske ya sauka a kansu. Hakanan muna samar da ƙarin haske.
Muna tsirowa a zazzabi na 22-25^{game da}C. Layin iska da ake buƙata shine 95-98%; don kula da shi, muna rufe amfanin gona da gilashi ko polyethylene. Yakamata bututun ya bushe, saboda haka muke yawan shayar dashi daga abin fesawa. Ruwan ya zama ya fi dumi dan kadan dadi. Bayan germination, rage zafin jiki zuwa 18-20^{game da}DAGA.
Ana ɗauka - muna matsar da tsire-tsire a cikin kofuna. Suna cikin su har sai asalinsu sun mamaye duk wurin. Da farko, kofunan suna kusa da juna, amma yayin da tsiron ya girma, ana sanya su baya ga juna.
Shayarwa da ciyarwa - lokacin da aka dasa tsire-tsire, ya kamata a tabbatar cewa saman Layer na salin ya bushe don shayarwa ta gaba. Sabili da haka, ana shayar da kofunan sau ɗaya a rana ko sau da yawa ƙasa. Gara ruwa da safe da yamma. Muna haɗuwa da suturar sama tare da shayarwa.

Dokokin kulawa

Kulawar Petunia bazai buƙaci ƙoƙari mai yawa daga gare ku ba. Ya isa kawai don sarrafa shayarwa da ciyar da tsire-tsire. Kuna buƙatar ruwa a tushen shukar don kada ku lalata kyawawan furanni. Kashegari bayan shayarwa, kuna buƙatar sassauta ƙasa don kada ɓawon burodi ya samu. Cire ciyawa. Ciyar mako guda bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Muna hada shayarwa da ciyarwa. Muna ciyarwa tare da takin mai magani tare da potassium.

Matsaloli, cututtuka da kwari

Wani lokaci zaka iya fuskantar matsala kamar rawaya ko bushewar petunias. Idan baku bi ka'idojin kulawa ba, shukar na iya yin rashin lafiya:

marigayi bugun jini;
chlorosis;
baki kafa;
launin toka-toka.

Suna buƙatar ma'amala da magunguna na musamman. Amma ya fi sauƙi don hana su bayyana tare da kulawar da ta dace. Idan ba a bi waɗannan ƙa'idodin ba, to ban da waɗannan cututtukan, petunia na iya kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Babu magani a garesu - tsironku zai mutu. Daga cikin kwari, mites na gizo-gizo, aphids, slugs da thrips suna da haɗari.

Bi dokoki masu sauƙi don kula da petunias, to ba za ku damu da lafiya da ƙimar shukar ku ba. Zai faranta maka rai koyaushe da kyawawan furanni.

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