Mu'ujiza mai fure akan windowsill - ailoster cactus. Bayani, iri da iri, kulawa ta gida da waje

Daga cikin wadatattun furanni da cacti, Ailoster suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, ƙarfin hali da kuma ƙarancin ado.

Cactus na musamman, don furannin da aka sami ƙarancin ƙoƙari, yana cinye masu noman furanni tare da rashin dacewa.

Bugu da ari a cikin labarin za mu gaya muku game da tarihin bayyanar wannan shuka, game da nau'ikan nau'ikan da ire-irensu, da kuma game da ka'idojin kula da murtsattsen mahaifa da game da cututtuka da kwari.

Aylostera - murtsunguwa tare da filawar fure

Aylostera daga Girkanci aylosis - bututu, stereosis - m. Shekaru da yawa, masana ilimin tsirrai suna ta mahawara game da haɗa ailostera da rebutia a cikin jinsi ɗaya (karanta ƙarin game da nau'ikan da sifofin kulawar rebutia a nan). Sabon gwanin murtsattsen mai tsire ba zai rarrabe tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan cacti ba.

Cactus mai daɗin furanni yana da kyan gani don babban ikonsa na samar da yara, girma, da kuma karkatarwa koyaushe. Taurarin duniya tare da madaidaiciyar siffar madaidaiciya, ba da haske ba. Wani lokaci zaka iya samun sifar siliki. Ailoster bai fi girman 10 cm tsayi ba, galibi 6-7 cm, ba fiye da diamita 6 ba. A raunana ya bayyana ƙananan haƙarƙarin, ba ƙasa da 11 ba, tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda aka tsara a cikin karkace.

Mahara da yawa, spines mara tsari, 5 zuwa 30 mm tsawo. A daya areola akwai ƙaya har guda 30, wanda ke sanya kakunkumi ya yi laushi (zaka iya ganin hotunan wasu cacti mai laushi, ka kuma gano sunayensu da fasalin noman su, anan). Ana sanya furanni akan shuka a cikin zobe kamar ɗamara. Furanni har zuwa 4-5 cm a diamita. Launi na halitta ja ne ko lemu, ba safai fari ba (munyi magana game da wasu nau'in cacti tare da jan ƙaya ko furanni a nan). Nau'o'in gargajiya tare da lilac, rawaya, furannin lilac an yi bred.

Yankin ƙasar - yankuna masu tsaunuka:

• Ajantina;
• Peru;
• Bolivia.

Cacti yana girma a ƙarƙashin ƙananan bishiyoyi a kan gangaren tsaunuka, a ƙwanƙolin 2.5 zuwa m dubu 3,5, a cikin yanayi mai sauƙi. A cikin Rasha, ana girma ne azaman tsire-tsire, wanda ke haɓaka da saurin ci gaba.

Tarihin asali

Ayloster da Rebutia, tare da bayyanar su ta ban mamaki, sun ja hankalin thean mulkin mallaka na Amurka. A cikin karni na 16, sun kawo cacti zuwa Turai azaman shuke-shuke na ado.

Tarin magani na farko na furannin cacti a rabi na biyu na karni na 16 an tattara shi ta mai magani Morgan a London. Shahararrun shuke-shuke sun karu ne saboda halayen halittu - rashin tsari ga shayarwa, busasshiyar iska, da kuma kyakkyawan furanni. Aylostera yayi kyau saboda a lokacin rani an zubar da tukwanen murtsungu a cikin lambun.

A cikin Rasha, tarin kuɗi masu zaman kansu sun ɓace bayan juyin juya halin 1917, ya rayu ne kawai a cikin lambunan itacen tsire-tsire na Moscow da Petrograd. Noman Kakkus ya sake zama sananne a cikin shekaru 50 na karnin da ya gabata.

Mashahuri iri da iri

Muscle (Muscula)

Caramin murtsattsen murtsatse mai haske mai kaifi, wanda, yayin da yake keɓewa, ya samar da tsire-tsire na harbe-harbe (kara karantawa game da nau'ikan iri da girma ƙaramin cacti a gida nan). Fure masu haske suna da bambanci a kan murfin dusar ƙanƙara na allurar.

Deminuta

Asali daga yankuna na arewacin Ajantina. Kwallan ya kai girman a tsayi kuma a cikin diamita - cm 6. Tushen launin kore mai duhu yana da ƙwanƙwasa haske 12 12 masu tsayi 7 mm. Furannin launuka masu launin jan-lemu, girman su 3 cm.

Heliosa

Kunkus mai ban mamaki, yana furewa a cikin shekaru 2-3... Furanni a kan dogon bututu suna girma zuwa cm 4.5. Yawancin furannin lemu masu haske suna buɗewa a lokaci guda cikin yanki da yawa. Sau da yawa ba a ganin ƙaramin ƙarami saboda fure mai daɗi.

Kupperiana

Kwallan kore mai duhu tare da kananan tarin fuka tsakanin haƙarƙarin. Bã su da spines na bakin ciki har zuwa 20 na tsawon cm 2. Tsaka-tsakin tsakiya na launin ruwan kasa ne, ƙusoshin radial suna da duhu mai duhu. Furannin suna jan-lemo mai dauke da koren makogwaro. Lokacin furanni daga Mayu zuwa Yuli.

Hoffman (Hoffmanii)

Daya daga cikin nau'ikan jinsin da ba na kowa ba, yana da allura masu launin haske wadanda ke rufe kara sosai. Furannin suna launin ruwan lemu mai haske tare da kunkuntun petals kama da chamomile.

Fibrigi (Fiebrigi)

Gida na asali Bolivia. Matsayi mai kwalliya, wani lokaci yana ɗan ƙara tsayi, mai haske, har zuwa 6 cm a tsayi... Hannun radial fari ne, tsakiya na tsakiya suna launin ruwan kasa. A cikin wani dunƙulel har zuwa spines 40 masu tsayin cm 1. A tsakiyar akwai allura guda huɗu 2 cm tsayi. Midsummer shine lokacin yalwar furanni.

Pseudodeminuta

Koren dogo mai tushe suna da gilashi 10 ko farar fata spines daga 7 zuwa 10 mm a cikin dam. A tsakiyar akwai spines uku har zuwa 13 mm, launin ruwan kasa ko rawaya. Furen yana da 5 cm a diamita, burgundy ja.

Spegazziniana

Girma a cikin Ajantina (Salta, 2500 m sama da matakin teku). Tsarin ƙasa mai faɗi tare da diamita na 4 da tsayin cm 6. An bambanta shi da manyan bununƙun duwatsu masu haske da launin kore mai haske. Maiyuwa babu tsakiya ko 5-6 daga cikinsu. Furannin suna da girma, haske, kala-kala-ja.

Pseudominima

Kimanin allurar radial 15 suna haɗuwa akan ƙirar siliki. Tare da shekaru, buƙatun suna canza launi daga rawaya zuwa fari... Furannin suna lemu masu matsakaici.

Kulawar gida

Babu wani abu mai wahala cikin girma Isoster. Waɗannan nau'ikan cactus na dutse ne waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarancin kulawa. Abin da ya kamata a kula shi ne lokacin sanyi mai sanyi. Girma da zama mafi kyau daga shekara zuwa shekara, cacti yana tabbatar da rashin dacewar su.

Tsarin yanayin zafi

Shuka tana jin daɗi sosai a lokacin zafi har zuwa digiri 35, amma a lokacin sanyi tana buƙatar sanyin. Don cacti, yanayin zafin jiki mafi kyau shine daga digiri 6 zuwa 12.

Lokacin siyan tsire don lambun fure na cikin gida, yana da kyau a bayyana yanayin zafin jiki mafi kyau, gwargwadon halayen tsire. Wani lokacin sabbin fure iri sun fi son hunturu a digiri 5.

Shaƙƙar iska da ban ruwa

Kamar kowane cacti, ailosters suna buƙatar shayarwa da hankali. Ba su son yawan danshi., amma a sauƙaƙe jure wa ruwa sau da yawa, suna buƙatar kariya daga shigar ruwa akan tushe. Yawan shayarwa ya kamata ya dogara da yawan zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin da kuma yawan bushewar ƙasa.

• Mizanin mafi kyau duka shine 1 shayarwa kowane kwana 7. Idan tsiron yana kan windowsill mai haske ko akwai zafi mai ƙarfi, to a yawaita shayar dashi.
• A cikin hunturu, yawan zafin ruwa ya ƙaddara ta yawan zafin jiki. An rage zafi zuwa mafi ƙarancin, koda a zafin jiki na ɗaki. Idan hunturu yayi dumi kuma akwai yara kasa da 3 cm, to shayarwa ba ta da yawa kuma ba ta da yawa.
• A lokacin hunturu mai sanyi, an soke ba da ruwa, iyakance ga dropsan saukad don tallafawa mahimmin aiki na samfuran samari.
• Miƙa mulki zuwa lokacin bushewar hunturu yana farawa ne a tsakiyar Satumba kuma ya koma shayarwa a cikin watan Afrilu-Mayu.

Ba za ku iya yin canji mai kaifi ba daga lokacin bacci zuwa wadataccen ruwa da akasin haka. Ofarar ruwa da yawan ban ruwa suna ƙaruwa kuma suna raguwa a hankali, ba tare da tsalle ba, wanda ya baiwa shuken damar daidaitawa da sannu a hankali zuwa sabuwar jihar.

Don ban ruwa, yi amfani da dumi, tsayayyen ruwa a dakin da zafin jiki. Ba a so a yi amfani da ruwa mai wahala don ban ruwa.

Ailoster yana jure damshi, amma ba lallai ba ne a ci gaba da shuka cikin babban danshi da feshi. Don cire ƙura daga murtsunguwa, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da burushi ko burushi.

Hasken wuta

Ba kamar sauran cacti ba, baya tsoron hasken rana kai tsaye kuma ya fi son rana maimakon inuwa. Lokacin zabar taga taga don cacti na furanni, suna tsayawa a wuraren kudu. Raunin inuwa ba shi da karɓa don haɓaka kyawawan abubuwa.

Substrate

Ba shi da wahala a sami ƙasa mai dacewa don haɓaka Aylostera. Cacti yana buƙatar takaddama na musamman ko haske, cakuda mai narkewa mai laushi.

Don cacti na furanni, ana bada shawarar cakuda daidai sassan yashi, ganye da ƙasa mai laushi.

Yankan

Idan murtsunguwar ruwa ba ya farantawa da furanni, ya sami sifa, ya daina faranta masa kamanni ko ya bushe, to kuna iya sake gwada shi ta hanyar yankewa.

Pruning manufa:

1. Yanke saman daga tsohuwar murtsunguwa.
2. Kaifafa yanke tare da kaifi mai kaifi, bisa ka'idar kaifin fensir.
3. Fegen da aka kaɗa ya zama ya zama cm 1.5-2. Matsayin da aka yanke-tsire ya zama 1 zuwa 3.
4. Bushe na mako guda. Idan ba ruwa da ƙasa, to murtsatsi ba zai mutu ba. Bushewa shi ne abin da ake bukata don ƙarin nasarar rutin.
5. Lokacin gyara daidai, ɓangaren da aka nuna zai janye tare da gefuna.

Top miya

Taki zai zama da amfani ga cacti yayin girma. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙwayoyin hadadden ma'adanai don succulents da cacti tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin nitrogen.

Top miya ake yi sau ɗaya a wata. A lokacin bacci, takin ƙasar ya tsaya har sai bazara.

Zaɓin tukunya

Ganga don murtsatsi dole ne ta dace da girman murtsunguwar... Idan ramuka magudanan ruwa a cikin tukunyar suna da girma kuma ƙasa tana zubowa, to an shimfida magudanun ruwa a ƙasan:

• fadada yumbu;
• Styrofoam;
• tsakuwa.

Don tsire mai tsire-tsire mai tushe, zaɓi babban falo, madaidaici. Sanya tukwane a pallets idan hakan ya zama dole.

Canja wurin

Zai fi kyau dasawa a watan Maris, don dasa shuki ya daidaita kafin fara kulawa ta dindindin.

Dasawa dashi:

• Ana yin dashen ne yayin farkon girma, bayan fure.
• Ana dasa tsire-tsire matasa sau ɗaya a shekara, manya - sau ɗaya kowace shekara 3-4.
• Babban yanayin shine ƙasa mai bushe, wanda za'a iya jika bayan kwanaki 7.
• An sanya itacen da aka dasa a cikin inuwa.

Wintering

Kula da yanayin zafi a lokacin hunturu shine babban yanayin furen. Ba tare da hunturu mai sanyi ba, murtsunguwar ƙwaya ba za ta yi fure ba, amma zai faranta maka rai da girmanta da kamanninta mai kyau. A lokacin dormancy na hunturu, shukar tana son iska mai kyau da iska mai yawa, ba tare da sun ƙi yin fure ba.

Kulawa a waje

Shuka a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa dangane da yanayin, an rufe ƙasa da pebbles don kada ruwan sama ya lalata ƙasa kuma ya tarwatsa ƙwanƙolin. Kulawa ya zo ga ban ruwa da cire ciyawa. A lokacin kaka, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya sauka zuwa digiri + 7, lokaci yayi da za a matsar da cacti a cikin gida.

Sake haifuwa

Ana yaduwa da murtsuntsatsin gargajiya ta hanyoyi biyu: ta hanyar tsaba da aiwatar da kai tsaye.

Hanya ta farko tana da wahala, amma mai ban sha'awa, ana amfani da ita a farkon bazara:

1. shirya substrate;
2. disinfection da bushewar tsaba;
3. ana shuka tsaba a cikin kwantena, samar da hanyar iska don saurin tsirowa;
4. shayar da ƙasa daga bindiga mai feshi;
5. kula da zazzabi na digiri 15-20;
6. 'ya'yan itacen da aka kyankyashe sun shiga cikin wasu kwantena;
7. shekara guda bayan haka, ana dasa tsire-tsire zuwa wuri na dindindin.

Hanya ta biyu ta fi sauƙi:

1. matakai sun rabu da santsin murtsun ruwa;
2. bushe wata rana;
3. kafe a cikin yashi haifuwa

Bloom

An rufe bututun fure da gashin gashi daga lemu zuwa ja mai haske. Faɗuwar furanni ta kai 3-5 cm.

Bayan shekaru 2, furannin ailoster zai fara:

• Tsarin furanni yana farawa daga Afrilu zuwa Yuli, wasu nau'in suna fure a cikin kaka.
• Furannin suna da sheƙi mai haske, ana buɗe su ne kawai a cikin yanayi mai kyau, suna rufewa da dare, suna yin furanni aƙalla kwanaki 2-4 kuma suna jin daɗin samfuran rawaya masu haske.
• Da yawa - za'a iya samun fure sama da ɗari akan tsiron baligi.

Me za ayi idan buds basu bayyana ba?

1. Don shuke-shuken furanni, Ailoster dole ne yayi girma a cikin tukunyar matse - wannan yana haifar da haɓakar buds.
2. Yana buƙatar mai yawa hasken rana.
3. Ana buƙatar dormancy na hunturu tare da yanayin zafi har zuwa digiri 10 kuma babu ruwa.
4. Ana buƙatar samun iska koyaushe da iska mai tsabta.

Cututtuka da kwari

Lush blooming ailosters suna dauke da kwaro resistant. Banda shine mikin gizo-gizo, wanda ya dace da yanayin shuke-shuke. Amma wannan lamarin ma ba safai ba ne. Lokacin da kwari suka bayyana, ya kamata a kula da tsire-tsire tare da raunin maganin kwari.

Matsaloli masu girma

• Asarar siffar zagaye da tsawan elongation a cikin yanayin haske mara kyau.
• Tsayawa girma saboda rashin ciyarwa ko dasawa fiye da shekara 1.
• Wuraren launin ruwan kasa tare da tushe daga ruwa da hasken rana kai tsaye.
• Rage tsire-tsire tare da wadataccen ruwan sha a lokacin hunturu.

Makamantan shuke-shuke

1. Astrophytum - mai haske launin toka-kore mai tushe, mai faɗi ko kuma na silinda, yana girma daga santimita 8 zuwa 40, wani lokacin har zuwa mita 1. Suna girma ɗaya, ba safai suke ƙirƙirar sabbin matakai ba. Blooms tare da manyan furanni mai rawaya mazurai.
2. Harshen Brazil - yayi girma a Brazil. Yana da madaidaiciya mai tushe har zuwa 10 cm a diamita, tare da kambi mai laushi. Yana da wuya bushes. Fure mai haske mai haske tare da corolla biyu ya bayyana a adadi da yawa kewaye da rawanin.
3. Mammillaria - dunƙule mai faɗi tare da ma layuka papillae. Flowersananan furanni har zuwa 2 cm, rana. Suna fure cikin ruwan hoda, fari, rawaya, cream da fari-ruwan hoda.
4. Ciwon ciki... Siffar ta faɗi ta tushe daga baya an faɗaɗa shi, yana da haƙarƙari masu santsi, a bayyane yake a fili. Furannin suna da girma, har zuwa 14 cm a diamita, masu kamannin mazurai a cikin fari, ruwan hoda, orange ko rawaya (munyi magana game da cacti mai ban sha'awa tare da ƙayayyan ruwan hoda da furanni a cikin labarin daban).
5. Notocactus - murtsunguwa na kudu. Stemarƙwarar zobe tare da kyakkyawan haƙarƙari da ƙaya da yawa. Furanni daban-daban, rawaya ko rawaya-shunayya (zaka iya koyo game da shahararrun nau'ikan notocactus anan)

Cactus mai ban sha'awa yana rayuwa kuma yana farantawa tare da furanni daga shekaru 7 zuwa 10, wani lokacin mafi tsayi. Koda mai farawa a cikin furanni na iya shuka ɗayan kyawawan shuke-shuke da furanni. Furen ba sabon abu bane kuma ana samun sa a shagunan filawa da yawa.

Kalli bidiyon: ABBANA 3u00264 LATEST HAUSA FILM (Satumba 2024).