Shin kuna son shuka fure? Karanta a labarin game da iri, furanni, haifuwa, kulawa da cututtukan shuka

Wardi! Wadannan furannin ba za su bar kowa ba. Idan kana son ka yaba musu ba kawai a ranakun hutu ba, amma duk tsawon lokacin bazara, zaka iya shuka su a cikin lambun ka.

A cikin labarin, zamu gani da kyau a cikin hoto yadda fure-fure take kama, da kuma koyon yadda za'a kula da ita yadda yakamata. Bugu da kari, zamu koyi yadda ake yadawa da kuma kafa wannan furen. Kuma kuma ta wace hanya ce za a iya kare ta daga kwari da cututtuka.

Cikakken bayanin

Daga cikin adadi mai yawa na wardi, za a iya raba wardi warwas zuwa rukuni 2:

1. Yankunan da yawa - an bayyana shi ta furanni har zuwa 20 buds a lokaci guda. Suna da ƙamshi mara ƙanshi, girman toho har zuwa cm 3. shoanƙan Spiked dogaye ne kuma masu sassauƙa, ana iya jansu ko kuma masu jan ciki. Suna da kananan ganye, petals suna ninki biyu, Semi-biyu ko sauki. Ana sanya ƙwayayen a tsawon tsawon zangon sai suka yi furanni na kimanin makonni 4 a farkon rabin bazara.
2. Manyan bishiyoyi - wanda aka bayyana ta madadin furannin furanni. Girman Bud har zuwa 11 cm, suna da ƙamshi mai ƙanshi. Matsakaicin tsinkayen kara shine cm 400. Suna da yalwar furanni sau 2 a kowane yanayi. Irin wannan fure mai tsananin sanyi ne kuma da wuya ya kamu da cutar fure-fure.

Tarihin asali

Babu cikakken bayani inda aka gano farkon fure. Wasu masana suna jayayya cewa an fara bayyana ne a China sannan aka kawo shi Turai. Wasu kuma sunyi imanin cewa waɗannan furannin yan asalin yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya ne. Ko a zamanin da, wardi na nuna sha'awa da mutunta kai. Waɗannan furannin suna da mashahuri sosai, kuma yanzu an sami nau'ikan adadi da yawa na irinsu. Daya daga cikin shahararru kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin zane mai faɗi shine hawa wardi.

Ta yaya nau'in hawan dutse ya bambanta da waɗanda ke murɗewa?

Yi la'akari da bambancin tsakanin hawan fure da wanda ake kira curly. Ta tsawon tsinkayen, ana iya raba wardi na wannan nau'in zuwa rukuni 2:

• Curly. Tsawon su yakai kimanin 5-15m. Bugun bakin ciki yana da sauƙin lanƙwasawa kuma kar ya karye. Alluran kanana ne kuma da kyar aka sararsu.
• Hawa. Tsawon su ya kusan 3 - 3m. Wannan jinsin yana da tushe mai karfi da kauri mai kauri, ba shi yiwuwa a siffata su, in ba haka ba za su karye. Theayawan suna da ƙarfi da kaifi kuma suna iya cutar da sauƙi. Kuna iya karanta game da kowane nau'i na hawa wardi a nan.

Duba iri da hotuna

Bugu da ari, zaku iya fahimtar da ku game da nau'ikan hawa hawa ku gansu a hoto.

Chaplin Pinks (Kaya Chaplin)

Curly fure yana da ƙamshi mai ƙanshi, launi mai ruwan hoda mai zurfi. Sun kai tsayi har zuwa 500 cm, girman toho daga 7 zuwa 8 cm, fentin rabin-biyu. Juriya ga cututtuka kamar su faty mildew da baƙar fata tabo.

Bloom duk lokacin rani

Super Excel

Red wardi har zuwa cm 4 a diamita. Suna son inuwa, ba su da ma'ana, suna jure yanayin zafi da kyau kuma suna da tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari.

Super Dorothy

Super Dorothy iri-iri ce mai tsananin sanyi-bazara wacce ke yin furanni duk lokacin rani kuma tayi kyau sosai. Rosson wardi ya bayyana a ƙarshen bazara amma zai iya wucewa har zuwa ƙarshen kaka.

Bloom

Daban-daban iri-iri na wardi wardi suna fure daban, amma yawancin wannan lokacin yana faruwa ne a farkon bazara. Amma wasu nau'in suna fure har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Babban abubuwan da ake buƙata don kula da wardi sune weeds, shayarwa da ciyarwa.

Babban dalilin rashin fure na iya zama kuskuren zaɓi na tsire-tsire, don haka ya fi kyau saya su daga mai sayarwa amintacce. Furewar fure ba ya yin fure a cikin ƙasa mai nauyi, mai nauyi. Kafin dasa shuki, kana buƙatar tono ƙasa mai zurfin mita kuma cika shi da abubuwa masu amfani: humus ko taki. Hakanan yakamata a yi wa masu gyara fanfunan sana'a.

Mahimmanci! Dole ne a dasa shukar tare da potassium da phosphorus, kuma a nannade shi cikin fim mai kauri a lokacin sanyi.

Umurnin mataki zuwa mataki don girma da kulawa

• Zabar wurin sauka.

  Zai fi kyau a zaɓi rana, wuri mai iska. Hakanan kuna buƙatar la'akari da cewa a lokacin hunturu zai zama dole a sa da rufe shuka; saboda wannan, ya kamata a shirya wuri.

• Abin da ya kamata ya kasance kasar gona.

  Hawan wardi yana buƙatar sako-sako da ƙasa mai ni'ima, mai wadataccen kayan abinci.

• Saukowa.

  Ramin dasa ya zama kamar girman 50 * 50, kuma nisan tsakanin tsirrai ya zama mita 2.5. Sannan rami an rufe shi da ƙasa kuma an daidaita shi. Na gaba yana zuwa ban ruwa da hawa dutse, aƙalla 20 cm.

• Zazzabi.

  Mafi yawan zafin jiki mafi kyau don shuka shine digiri 20-25. Zafin jiki ya bambanta dangane da nau'ikan wardi.

• Shayarwa.

  Ana buƙatar shayar da shuka kowane ranakun 10-12, tare da ƙimar kusan 1-2 guga a kowace shuka. A lokacin shukar girma, shukar tana buƙatar ruwa mai yawa. Idan babu shi, girma da furanni suna raguwa.
• Top miya.

  Yakamata a ciyar dashi duk bayan kwanaki 10-20. Idan anyi amfani da taki lokacin dasa shuki, to a lokaci na gaba kuna buƙatar takin shekara mai zuwa kawai.

• Yankan

  A lokacin da ake yanke bishiyoyi a cikin bazara ko rani, cire tsofaffin ɗumbin ɗamarar kamar yadda suke a gindin shuka. Koyaya, iri dake tsirowa duk tsawon lokacin suna buƙatar pruning kawai bayan shekaru 3.

• Yadda za a ɗaura shuka.

  Lokacin da aka ɗaura a kwance, harbe zai yi girma a wurare daban-daban, toho zai buɗe a ƙarshensu. Idan yana tsaye, harbe na gefe zai daina girma bayan ɗan lokaci kuma ƙwayoyin za su bayyana ne kawai a ƙarshen babban harbi. Hakanan za'a iya fure fure kuma a nannade shi akan bishiya ko al'amari a cikin karkace.

• Canja wurin

  Mafi kyawun lokacin dasawa shine kaka.

  1. Don dasawa, kana buƙatar ja da baya daga shuka 50-60 cm.
  2. Tona sosai a hankali, kamar yadda mai yiwuwa kamar yadda zai yiwu.
  3. Bayan cirewa, yakamata a dasa shi zuwa sabon wuri.
  4. Bayan haka sai a zuba ruwa sosai.
• Ana shirya don hunturu.

  Shiri don hunturu yana farawa a ƙarshen bazara. Yaya shirye-shiryen hunturu ke gudana kuma shin ya zama dole ayi yanka fure a lokaci guda?

  1. Ya kamata ku rage adadin shayarwa zuwa cikakkiyar tasha, dakatar da sassauta ƙasa kuma canza abun da ke saman suturar.
  2. Mataki na gaba zai zama yanko don damuna da cirewa daga masu tallafawa a farkon kaka.
  3. Actionarin mataki mafaka ne. Zai fi kyau ayi wannan a zazzabi na -5 zuwa -7 digiri, don shuka ta shirya lokacin hunturu kuma ta shiga cikin yanayin bacci.

Umarnin mataki zuwa mataki: yadda ake hayayyafa?

Ayan hanyoyin da aka fi amfani dasu don yaɗa wardi na hawan itace. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na dasa shuki a wata shuka: kasa, ruwa, jaka da dankali.

• Yankan shiri.

  Mahimmanci! Bai kamata ku zaɓi ƙarancin saurayi azaman yankewa ba, saboda rutin zai ɗauki tsayi da yawa. Don kyakkyawan sakamako, yi amfani da harba bayan kwana 10 na furanni.

  Mafi kyawun zaɓi zai zama harbi tare da 3 buds a shirye don yayi girma. Nisa kusan. 7 mm, tsawon kimanin 20 cm. Dole ne a yanke gefen saukowa a kusurwa na digiri 45, gefen sama a madaidaiciya.

• Gyara a cikin ƙasa.
  1. Bayan shirya yankan, nan da nan zaku iya dasa shi a cikin ƙasa. Ya kamata a yi amfani da yashi mara nauyi don kaucewa ruɓewa.
  2. Bayan dasa shukar, yankan kasar gona sosai.
  3. Rufe shi da gilashin gilashi.
  4. Jefa mayafi mai kalar haske. Tunda cikin hasken rana kai tsaye, harbe-harbe na iya ƙonewa.

  Mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine digiri 23 zuwa 25 sama da sifili. Lokaci-lokaci kana buƙatar ɗaga kwalba don yin iska, kuma bayan ɗan lokaci ka cire shi gaba ɗaya.

• Gyara cikin ruwa.

  Don shuka fure mai lafiya, yakamata a dasa yankakken a cikin ruwan da aka tafasa, ana canza shi kowane kwana biyu. Zai fi kyau a kiyaye makomar ta gaba akan windowsill, amma a cikin inuwa don kada rana ta buge shuka. Tushen ya kamata ya bayyana a cikin kimanin wata daya.

• Gyara cikin kunshin.
  1. Don wannan hanyar, kuna buƙatar dasa yankan a cikin ƙasa kuma ku zuba shi da ruwan dumi mai dumi.
  2. Na gaba, kunsa tukunyar a cikin jakar filastik kuma sanya shi ta taga.

  Ta haka ne, shi dai itace wani irin greenhouse. Shuka tana girma tare da tushe bayan kimanin kwanaki 30, bayan haka zaka iya dasa shi a mazauninsu na dindindin.

• Gyara cikin dankali.

  Anyi la'akari da hanya mafi sauƙi don yada wardi, wanda furannin zasu iya samun tushe.

  1. Don wannan hanyar, ya kamata ku shirya dankali - cire duk "idanu" don kayan lambu kansa baya tsirowa.
  2. Yi rami kimanin 2-3 cm.
  3. Ungiyar, bi da bi, ya kamata a kiyaye shi a cikin wani bayani tare da mai da tushe.
  4. Tsaya harbin tare da kaifin ƙarshen cikin dankalin turawa kuma dasa shi a cikin ƙasa kusan 2/3 zurfin yankan.
  5. To, kuna buƙatar tsara greenhouse ta amfani da kwalban filastik, yin airing ɗin lokaci-lokaci iska.

  Tushen ya kamata ya bayyana a cikin kimanin wata daya.

Cututtuka da kwari

Mahimmanci! Lokacin amfani da magunguna daban-daban don cututtuka da kwari, kar a fesa wardi yayin fure!

Akwai nau'o'in cututtuka da kwari da yawa:

• Black tabo.

  Ana bayyana shi a zagayen zagaye akan ganyen launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko baƙi. Idan aka samu matsala, ya kamata ganyen da ya faɗo ya ƙone nan take. Ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da takin mai magani da ruwa kawai a asalin.

• Farin fure.

  Ya bayyana fari, kamar gari, ya yi fure: da farko a cikin kananan aibobi, to yana shafan dukkan tsiron. Don magance tsire-tsire, kuna buƙatar yanke duk wuraren da abin ya shafa ku ƙone su tare da ganyen da suka faɗi. Domin yin bayani, kuna buƙatar 200 g na jan ƙarfe na sulfate, 300 g na ƙarfe sulfate a lita 10. ruwa Fesa abin da ya haifar da cakuda akan tsayayyen buds - a cikin bazara.

• Ruwan toka.

  Wannan rubabben matashi ne, buds, ganye da kuma tushe. A lokacin rigar sanyi, sassan cututtukan fure suna yin launin toka-toka. A matakin farko na kamuwa da cuta, zaka iya fesa ruwan sha, ruwan Bordeaux da jan ƙarfe na oxychloride.

• Ciwon kwayar cuta.

  Growtharfafa rashin son kai tsaye yana kan tushe da asalinsu. Idan sun nuna, sukan taurare, kuma bayan ɗan lokaci sukan ruɓe. Don kare su daga rashin lafiya, ya kamata a yanke furannin da abin ya shafa a lalata su.

• Tsatsa.

  Ana bayyana ta ta hanyar kauri daga tushe na samarin saurayi da kuma bayyanar fashewar da ta biyo baya. Yellow spores ya bayyana daga gare su. Maganin wannan cuta zai zama disinfection na fasa tare da jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe, da kuma yankuna masu tsire-tsire masu cutar.

• Thrips.

  Waɗannan kwari ne na launin rawaya mai launin rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa, suna ciyar da ruwan itace da kyallen takarda na ƙananan ganye. Don halakar da kwari, kuna buƙatar maganin ruwa, fufanon, karbofos, intavir da walƙiya na walƙiya. Amma zaka iya fesa su kawai kafin da bayan fure.

• Rose sawfly.

  Bakar kwarin na sanya ƙwai a cikin bazara a ƙarƙashin fata na harbi. Tsutsa suna rayuwa a cikin kwayar, suna ciyar da ita. Maganin su shine magani iri daya dana thrips.

• Mizanin gizo-gizo.

  Wadannan kwari suna rayuwa ne a kasan ganyen. Suna ciyarwa a kan ruwan furannin fure kuma suna sakar yanar gizo, wanda ke sa tsiron ya zama da kyau. Don fitar da kwari, zaka iya amfani da infusions na taba, wormwood ko yarrow.

• Fure cicada.

  Greenananan koren kwari suna ciyarwa a kan ruwan ganyen, wanda ya ba wa tsiron launi mai launi. Don magani yi amfani da gaurayawan guda daya kamar na thrips.

• Ya tashi kore aphid.

  Wadannan kwari suna hayayyafa a wani yanayi mai ban mamaki. Suna ciyar da ruwan itace, ganye da ƙananan harbe, wanda ke haifar da lalata tsiron. Don kawar da kwari, zaka iya amfani da maganin kamar na thrips, ko yin magani ta amfani da sabulun wanki da ruwa.

• Rose ganye yi.

  Tsutsayen suna da launi koren launi kuma suna cin ganyayyaki da kansu. Idan lalacewar bata yi tsanani ba, zaka iya cire ganyen da kwari suka cinye. Koyaya, tare da mai ƙarfi, yana da daraja ta amfani da maganin guda ɗaya kamar na thrips, da farko, sarrafa ganyen da kansu.

Akwai adadi mai yawa na yawan hawa wardi. Sun bambanta a cikin siffar furanni da ganye. Kuma zaku iya magana da yawa kuma na dogon lokaci game da launuka na waɗannan kyawawan. A kan rukunin yanar gizon ku zaka iya karanta game da wasu daga cikin mafi kyawun iri, misali: Indigoletta na ban mamaki, Casino mara kyau, mara kyau New Down, Lavinia da Rosarium Uthersen, Polka mai ladabi, Santana mai haske, da kuma na Amadeus, Elf da Iceberg.

Furewar fure tana ɗayan kyawawan kyawu iri-iri na wannan nau'in. Tare da kulawa da kulawa da kyau, zai yi ta mafi kyawunta kuma zai farantawa ido rai kowane lokaci.

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