Bayanin bayyanar tsire-tsire - begonias na ƙarfe: siffofin kulawa da sauran nuances

Idan ka yanke shawarar shuka shuke-shuke a cikin gidan ka ko kuma greenhouse tare da babban kyakkyawan wakilin flora, to ka mai da hankali ga ƙarfen begonia. Wannan tsiron bashi da daɗi sosai a cikin kulawa, baya buƙatar haske mai yawa kuma yana da shuke-shuke masu daɗi da kyawawan furanni waɗanda zasu faranta maka ido tsawon shekaru.

Yadda ake adana wannan fure a gida yadda yakamata, waɗanne matakai da matakan kulawa zasu ba ku damar yin begonia koyaushe zama babban kayan ado na ciki? Duk wannan da ƙari za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

Bayanin tsirrai da tarihin asali

Begonia Metallic (Begonia Metallica) memba ne na dangin begonia (Begonia) kuma tana daga cikin nau'in shuke-shuke masu ado na wannan halittar. Wannan itaciyar tana da wannan suna saboda kalar ganyenta: a gefen gaba, ganyayyaki suna da zaitun-koren, kuma jijiyoyin ja suna da ƙarfe. Hakanan Wannan nau'in begonias ana kiransa mai launin nama ko ƙarfe begonia.

A bayanin kula. An yi amannar cewa ana kiran sunan genonia begonia (begonia) don girmamawa ga gwamnan Haiti, wanda ya kasance babban masani kuma mai tattara furanni, M. Begon, wanda ya rayu a ƙarni na 18.

Duk da cewa ana lura da dumbin tarin shuke-shuke na jinsin begonia a yankin zafi na Kudancin Amurka da Asiya, an gabatar da Begonia zuwa kasashen Turai da Rasha tuntuni. Begonia ta ƙarfe ta fito ne daga Brazil, inda take rayuwa cikin yanayi a duwatsu masu duhu ko ɗumi a tsawan tsawan 800-1700 m sama da matakin teku a cikin itacen dausayi da bishiyoyi.

Bayanin bayyana

Begonia mai launi mai launi babban shuke-shuke ne tare da kakkarfan ƙarfi mai girma. Ganyayyakin wannan tsire-tsire masu launin kore mai duhu tare da jajayen jijiyoyi waɗanda ke da ƙarar ƙarfe. Waɗannan ganyayyaki, waɗanda suka kai tsawon 15 cm a tsayi, suna da daidaituwa tare da gefuna masu juzu'i kuma suna da farfajiyar balaga.

Gefen gefen ganye purple ne. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, begonia yana girma cikin sauri kuma ya kai 80-120 cm a tsayi. A lokacin kaka da lokacin rani, manyan furanni masu ɗamarar yawa tare da kyawawan launuka masu launin ruwan hoda sun bayyana akan shuka.

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A ƙasa zaku iya ganin tsire-tsire mai ban mamaki - begonia na ƙarfe.

Inda kuma yadda za'a dasa shi: dokoki, nasihu da umarni

Bakin katako na katako kyakkyawa ne wanda yake jurewa duhu sosai kuma, ba kamar yawancin furannin cikin gida ba, ana iya kasancewa a cikin ɓangaren duhun gidan. Bugu da kari, wannan wakili ne na fure, wanda girmansa wani lokacin ya wuce mita, kuma reshensa yana da karfi kuma yana girma zuwa kasa, saboda haka ana ba da shawarar a sanya shi a kan matattakala don jaddada sha'awar ganye da inflorescences.

Magana. Koyaya, yayin zaɓar wuri don begonias na ƙarfe, kuna buƙatar la'akari da cewa baya haƙuri da zane da tsananin ɗanshi.

Hakanan, baranda ba ta dace da shuka wannan tsiron ba, saboda furen ba ya jurewa manyan canje-canje a yanayin zafi kuma ba ya son shi lokacin da ake yawan canja shi daga wani wuri zuwa wani.

Sauran nau'ikan wannan tsirrai na iya samar da banbancin bango akan tsayayyen ganyen begonia na karfe: alal misali, begonia mai ɗorewa koyaushe ko begonia mai furannin hunturu.

Haske da wuri

Fata mai launi ta nama ya fi son yaduwar haske ko zama a cikin inuwar msaboda haka ba a fi so a sanya shi a kan windows windows a gefen kudu na ɗakin. Ganyen wannan fure yana da matukar damuwa da hasken rana kai tsaye, wanda daga shi ganyen kan sa zai iya zama rawaya, ko ya kone a kansa. Yankin gabas, arewa ko yamma na dakin zai zama mafi kyau a gare ta, kuma wannan shukar ma zata yi kyau a tsaye.

Bukatun ƙasa

Dole ne a dasa begonia na ƙarfe sau ɗaya a shekara, zai fi dacewa a cikin bazara. Hakanan, ana bukatar dasa shukar nan da nan bayan an siya domin yin la’akari da cewa asalinsu lafiya ne kuma idan babu kwari akan su.

Yana da kyau a zabi kasar gona don begonias Multi-bangaren, sako-sako da kuma gina jiki. Ya kamata ƙasa ta ƙunshi:

• Afasar ganye.
• Peat.
• Humus duniya.
• Ƙasar Sod.
• Yashi.

Wajibi ne a zaɓi tukunya mai girma da faɗi don dasa shuke-shuke manya, domin a cikin tukunyar ƙullum ganyen ƙarfe begonia ya fara kaɗewa, kuma shukar ba za ta zama mai dausayi kamar da ba.

Mahimmanci! Tabbatar sanya magudanar ruwa a kasan tukunyar, kumburin yumbu ko kananan tsakuwa daidai suke kamar magudanar ruwa, in ba haka ba saiwar furen na iya fara ruɓewa daga yawan danshi, wanda zai haifar da mutuwar furen.

Don dasa shuki matasa, yi amfani da ƙasa mai laushi.: kuna buƙatar haɗuwa da peat da ganye ko ƙasa mai yashi daidai. Da farko, ana dasa kananan yara a cikin kananan tukwane masu fadin 8 cm, sannan kuma, idan shukar ta yi jijiya, ana dasa ta a babban pallet.

Yadda ake kulawa da kyau?

Begonia na ƙarfe tsire-tsire ne masu ban sha'awa don kulawa, amma baya son manyan canje-canje na zafin jiki wanda fure ke iya zubar da ganyen sa. Wannan tsire-tsire na thermophilic ya fi son yanayin zafin jiki na digiri 16 - 25, kuma a lokacin sanyi yanayin zafi bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da digiri 15 - 16 ba, amma a yanayin zafi sama da digiri 20 ana ba da shawarar a saka begonia a cikin duhun ɗakin.

Shuka na son tsananin ɗanshi, amma ya kamata a kula cewa babu tsayayyar danshi, wanda zai haifar da bayyanar fungi. Duk da kaunar danshi - Begonia na ƙarfe baya son ruwa yana sauka akan ganye. Shayarwa a cikin hunturu ya zama matsakaici, kuma a lokacin rani begonia ya kamata a shayar da su sosai.

Lokacin shayarwa, yafi kyau a maida hankali akan ƙasa: idan ya bushe da 1.5 cm, shukar tana buƙatar shayarwa. Wajibi ne a shayar da shi da ruwan dumi, a zauna na kwana 1, za a iya ƙara ruwan citric acid kaɗan a cikin ruwan. Idan a lokacin hunturu ba zai yiwu a kula da yawan zafin jiki sama da digiri 15 ba, to kuna buƙatar shayar da furen da ruwan dumi, kuma sanya ruwa mai dumi kusa da pallet, yayin da saman ƙasa dole ne a kwance ta 1 cm.

Cututtuka na yau da kullun da kwari

1. Burns akan ganyen. Kwayar cutar: kuna a jikin ganyen karfe begonia na faruwa ne saboda hasken rana kai tsaye, musamman idan ka fantsama ruwa a ganyen a rana. Jiyya: ya kamata a cire shuka daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
2. Rotting tushe a tushen. Kwayar cutar cututtuka: kara ta fara ruɓewa a gindin sosai, ganyen suka faɗi ƙasa. Wannan shi ne saboda yawan zafin jiki ko yawan shayarwa. Jiyya: ya zama dole don rage shayarwa da cire tsire a wuri mai sanyaya.
3. Lalacewa ga shuka ta naman gwari Botrytis cinerea. Kwayar cutar cututtuka: Girar launin toka (raunin launin ruwan kasa masu duhu) sun bayyana akan ganyayyaki, furanni da ɓarke. Wannan cuta ta bayyana ne saboda tsananin zafi. Jiyya: mafi samun iska a cikin ɗaki, amma ka guji zayyanawa.

   Magana. Tabbatar barin shukar ta bushe, sannan amfani da kayan gwari masu mahimmanci don magani.

4. Rashin nasarar shuka ta naman gwari Oidium begoniae. Alamomin cutar: farin fure mai farar hoda ya bayyana a jikin ganyen, akwai kuma warin naman gwari, bayan kwayar ta yadu, ganyen suna cunkushe, sannan mutuwar shukar. Wannan cutar ta samo asali ne daga tsananin zafi a zafin jiki na digiri 20 - 24. Jiyya: kamar yadda yake tare da naman gwari na baya, ya zama dole a inganta iska, guje wa zayyana, bari begonias ya bushe ya kuma bi da kayan gwari.
5. Kwayar cuta ta kwayar cuta Cutar cututtuka: Raƙuman rawaya suna bayyana akan ganyen. Jiyya: wannan cutar ba za a iya warkewa ba, ya zama dole a lalata tsiron nan take don kada cutar ta bazu zuwa wasu tsire-tsire na cikin gida.

Hanyoyin kiwo

Za'a iya yaduwar begonia ta ƙarfe ta hanyar raba rhizome da tsaba, amma hanyar da ta fi dacewa don yin shuka wannan tsire-tsire ita ce yaduwa ta hanyar yankan itace. Wannan hanya ya kamata a sake buga shi a cikin bazara ko rani.

1. Yanke yankewa daga 8 zuwa 8 cm daga bishiyoyin begonia wadanda basuda furanni .. Tsoma iyakar yankan cikin hoda.
2. Shuka sassan itacen a cikin tukwanen da aka shirya tare da diamita 8 cm a cikin ƙasa wanda ya ƙunshi peat da yashi a cikin rabo 1: 1. Bayan an dasa shuki sai a rufe tukwanen da lemun roba domin samar da wata masaka.
3. Bayan kamar makonni 6, ganye zai bayyana akan yankan; kafin haka, ya kamata a kiyaye yankan daga haske mai haske. Bayan ganyayyaki sun bayyana, dole ne a cire fim ɗin.
4. Sanya dashen shukar a cikin wata babbar tukunya a cikin ƙasa don shuka ta manya.

Kammalawa

Metallica Begonia, kamar yawancin tsire-tsire na wannan nau'in, an daɗe ana dacewa da yanayin Rasha. Begonia mai launin jiki yana da sauƙin kulawa da rashin girman kai dangane da shuka. Kulawarta ba ta da wahala, kuma za a iya jin daɗin kyawawan ganyen asymmetrical na tsawon shekaru.

Kalli bidiyon: How To Plant Begonia Bulbs. Easy Steps. leaveit2may (Satumba 2024).