Furen farin ciki da jituwa - ƙawance da rawaya gerbera

Tun zamanin da, gerberas suna nuna taushi, tsabta, farin ciki da jituwa. Kuma fure kanta a cikin yaren shuke-shuke yana nufin - faifai mai amfani da hasken rana. Nau'in launin rawaya gerbera, babu kamarsa, suna kama da da'irar rana, wanda aka tsara ta da ɗaukakar faranti.

Ku zo da rana na gaske a cikin gidan ku wanda zai cika ta da farin ciki. Akwai nau'ikan launuka iri-iri masu launin rawaya, kuma mahimmancin kulawa dasu kusan iri ɗaya ne; tare da sauƙaƙa sauƙin aiki, gidanku zai zama gidan haya mai haske.

Tarihin asali

Akwai labari gabaɗaya game da asalin itacen gerbera. Wani lokaci akwai wani nymph na gandun daji wanda yake da kamannin kyawawan kyawawa. Saboda kwalliyarta, ta sha wahala daga yawan kulawa da kishi daga wasu. Ta gaji da waɗannan azaba kuma tana da burin juyawa zuwa tsire-tsire daji mai sauƙin gani. Nymph ana kiranta Herba, sunan fure kuwa Gerbera.

Wannan shine ɗayan sifofin asalin shuka da sunan sa. Amma gaskiyar ta fi ta prosaic. Masu binciken Dutch ne suka fara gano furen a kudancin Afirka a cikin 1717. An saka sunan furen ne bayan Bajamushe mai bincike-bincike da kuma likita T. Gerber. Wanda ya fara noma gerberas shi ne ɗan Scotsman Jameson. Ya gudanar da aikinsa a lardin Transvaal na Faransa. Wannan ƙaddara wani suna na shuka transvaal chamomile.

Bayanin tsirrai

Gerbera tsire-tsire ne na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ko tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na dangin Asteraceae ko dangin Asteraceae. Tushen tsarin gerbera yana da ƙarfi kuma ya haɓaka sosai.

Ganyayyakin suna elongated, pinnately disse. An nuna ƙarshen ganyen. Tsawon takardar na iya kaiwa santimita 30-35. An tattara ganyen a cikin rosette na tushen. Tushen ganye da bishiyar shukar suna ɗan balaga.

Peduncles suna da tsayi, mai yawa, galibi suna balaga, kadaici, ba tare da ganye ba. Zasu iya kaiwa tsawan santimita 60-65. Kowane furanni yana tsirowa a kansa.

Furannin suna na yau da kullun, babba, santimita 15-30 a diamita. Furen furanni galibi yana da kyau, wanda ya sa suka zama marasa haske.

'Ya'yan itacen shine daidai ciwo. Lokacin fure yana ɗauka daga watanni 3 zuwa 5... Wurin asalin gerbera Afirka ta Kudu.

Bayyanar

Yellow gerberas, kamar sauran wakilan wannan jinsin, na iya zama iri uku:

• sauki;
• Terry;
• Semi-biyu

Fure masu sauƙi sun fi kama da chamomile, kuma furanni biyu sun fi kama da almara... Tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire suna da fure tare da petals kamar aster, da zuciya kamar chamomile.

Idan kun kalli ganye na tsire-tsire, to ana iya raba wakilan zuwa:

1. mai fadi-tashi;
2. tsakiyar petals;
3. kunkuntar-petaled.

Hakanan akwai rarrabuwa daga gerberas ta girman furen su:

• karamin-fure - har zuwa 10 santimita a diamita;
• manyan-fure - har zuwa santimita 30 a diamita.

Yawancin nau'ikan launuka masu launin rawaya, kamar sauran wakilan wannan rukuni na shuke-shuke, sakamakon ayyukan masu kiwo ne na ƙasashen waje. Mafi shahararrun launuka masu launin rawaya iri ne:

1. Tamara.
2. Elegans.
3. Helios.
4. Brigitte.
5. Vega.
6. Siren Zinariya.
7. Arendgost.
8. Jamson.
9. Vincent.

Mun rubuta game da nau'ikan nau'ikan jinsin halittu a cikin wannan labarin.

Hoto

Duba sauran hotunan rawaya gerberas:

Dokokin shuki da nasihu

Lokacin girma cikin gerbera, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar zaɓin tukunya, ƙasa da wurin da za'a yiwa alama.

Haske da wuri

Gerbera yana matukar son haske, amma baya jituwa da aiki kai tsaye zuwa hasken rana kai tsaye... Wajibi ne don sanya tukunyar tsire-tsire a kan taga mai haske ko baranda, amma inuwa ta a cikin matsanancin zafi. Shuka tana son iska mai kyau kuma ba ta barazanar barazanar zazzabi mai yuwuwa.

Gerbera ba ta girma a cikin yanayin busassun yanayi, tana son ƙarancin iska mai matsakaici. Don kwanciyar hankali, yana da kyau a fesa lokaci-lokaci watsa iska a cikin ɗaki daga kwalbar fesawa.

Bukatun ƙasa

Gerbera yana son ƙwayar ƙasa mai ƙarancin acidic... Irin wannan ƙasa ta ƙunshi:

• peat da yashi, waɗanda aka ɗauka daidai gwargwado;
• leafasa mai ganye, yawanta ya zama sau biyu cakuda peat da yashi.

MUHIMMANCI! Kada a taɓa yin amfani da kowane takin gargajiya a kulawar gerbera, gerbera baya son su kuma yana iya mutuwa.

Tukunya don dasa shukokin gerbera sun dace da ƙarami, mai faɗi saman. Lokacin dasa shuki, dole ne kuyi amfani da magudanan ruwa mai kyau a ƙasan tukunyar.

Yadda ake kulawa da kyau?

Kulawar Gerbera ta ƙunshi:

1. Lokaci-lokaci manyan kayan miya daga takin mai ma'adinai, a kalla sau 1 a cikin kwanaki 14.
2. Rarraba ciyawa da gudanar da cututtukan ƙasa yayin dasawa.
3. Ruwa na yau da kullun amma matsakaici yayin girma.
4. Lokaci-lokaci sassautawar kasar idan ta bushe kuma ta yi farin ciki.

A lokacin shayarwa, sanya ido sosai ya zama dole don kada ruwa ya sauka a kan mafita daga asalin ganyen gerbera, don kar su rube. Bayan furannin sun bayyana, kuna buƙatar rage adadin danshi kuma rage ƙanshi a cikin ɗakin da gerbera ke tsiro.

Cututtuka na yau da kullun da kwari

Gerbera ba ta da tsayayya sosai ga cututtukan fungal... Mafi sau da yawa waɗannan sune tushen ruɓe da fure-fure. Cututtuka na tasowa saboda yanayin yanayi mara kyau kuma tare da ƙoshin kulawa da gerbera:

• Tushen ruba yana shafar tsarin tushe da tushe a cikin rosette. Wannan cuta ana haifar da ita a mafi yawan lokuta ta yawan shayarwa, da kuma ruwa mai tsafta a cikin sarkakiyar ƙasa ko rami. Tushen ya zama baƙi a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren, kuma duk ɓangaren ɓangaren gerbera a hankali ya bushe kuma shukar ta mutu gaba ɗaya. Don adana gerbera, kuna buƙatar yin amfani da magunguna na musamman.
• Maganin fure yana shafar ganyen shuke-shuke, tabon fari ya bayyana akansu a cikin sigar almara. Ganyen shuki a hankali yakan zama rawaya, bushe da curl. Dangane da haka, shukar ta mutu gaba ɗaya.

Ci gaban cututtukan fungal za a iya kauce masa ta hanyar rage ƙarfin shayarwa, da kuma rage yawan zafin iska.

Hakanan Gerbera yana da saukin kamuwa da aiki ta kwari da yawa:

1. Aphid - Wannan karamin kwaro ne, yana kai hari ga tsire-tsire tare da ginshiƙai, yana shafar mai tushe da mara buɗe buds.

   Kuna iya yaƙar aphids idan kun lura da harinsa a matakin farko, to akwai damar adana shukar. Ana amfani da sinadarin sulfate na Anabazine ko kuma sinadarin nicotine sulfate don yaƙi gwargwadon gram 1 a kowace lita 1 na ruwa.

2. Fari - Waɗannan ƙananan kwari ne waɗanda suke hayayyafa da sauri, suna afkawa ganye, ramuka masu ci sun bayyana akansu, tsiron ya mutu sannu a hankali.

   Lokacin da farin kuda suka kawo hari, ana amfani da magungunan da ke dauke da peremethrin, ya kamata a gudanar da fesawa kowane kwana 3 har sai an ci nasara da kwaro gaba ɗaya.

3. Mizanin gizo-gizo - yana lulluɓe dukkan ɓangarorin ƙasa na gerbera tare da takamaiman gidan yanar gizo, sannan kuma yana tsotse ruwan itace daga shukar, wanda ke haifar da bushewarsa da mutuwarsa gaba ɗaya.

   A yakin da ake yi da kaska, kawai hanyoyin musamman na kwari ne zasu taimaka: Anti-kaska, Fitoverm, Fufanon. Mite ba ya jure danshi, za ku iya yaƙar sa ta hanyar fesa iska kusa da gerbera. Ba zai zama mai yawa ba don wanke ganyen shukar da sanyayyen bayani na sabulun wanki, amma kuma ana buƙatar a wanke shi da ruwa mai tsafta daga baya.

Hanyoyin kiwo

Gerbera na iya hayayyafa ta hanyar iri da ciyayi (yanke, raba daji).

Tsaba

Don shuka tsaba iri, kuna buƙata:

1. Shirya sako-sako da ƙasa tare da peat da yashi.
2. Zuba ƙasa a cikin pallet na katako ko kuma kwandon da za a sake saka shi da roba, amma ba yawa.
3. Yi ƙwanƙasar ƙasa ta hanyar fesawa.
4. Shuka ƙasa mai danshi da iri.

   MUHIMMANCI! Kada a binne tsaba, amma a yayyafa su ƙasa. Nitsar da tsaba yana ƙaruwa lokacin shukoki ko kuma zai iya haifar da ƙin yarda da fitowar tsire-tsire, tunda tsaba a cikin matattarar ruwa na iya lalacewa kawai.

5. Dole ne a rufe akwatin da amfanin gona tare da tsare ko filastik don ƙirƙirar yanayin yanayi na yanayin iri, tare da kiyaye su daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
6. Dole ne a buɗe akwati tare da albarkatu a kai a kai kuma a shaƙata.
7. Idan kasar ta bushe, dole ne a jika shi ta hanyar fesawa da kwalba mai fesawa.
8. Bayan cikakkun ganyayyaki guda 2-3 sun bayyana akan samari da suka tsiro, kowane tsiro za'a iya dasa shi zuwa tukunya mai zaman kanta.
9. Irin wannan shuka yakan fure watanni 8-10 bayan ɗaukarsa.

Yankan

Don yaduwa ta hanyar yankan, kuna buƙatar bin jerin ayyuka:

1. Yanke karamin kara daga tsiron baligi, wanda ya kamata ya sami aƙalla ganye 2 da kuma ɗan gajeren tushe na santimita 1-1.5.
2. Wajibi ne a dasa wannan tsiro a cikin tukunya daban, tare da abubuwan da aka saba da su don dasa shukokin gerberas.
3. Don tsire ya fara da sauri, dole ne a rufe shi da fim ko tulu.
4. Soilasa a kewayen tsiro dole ne a sanya shi a kai a kai.
5. Lokaci-lokaci, yana da daraja cire fim din ko jarka da sanya ciyawar.
6. Tsarin tushen ya fara haɓaka kwanaki 14-20 bayan dasa shukokin.
7. Da zaran tsiron ya fara girma da himma, ya zama dole a kawar da yanayin yanayin greenhouse, sannan a samar wa da gerbera da kulawa, bisa ga makirci, kamar na babba.

Ta rarraba daji

A lokacin lokacin dashen shekara-shekara na gerbera, daji na balaga, aƙalla shekaru 4, za'a iya raba shi zuwa shuke-shuke daban daban.

Wannan yana buƙatar:

1. Cire shuka daga tukunya.
2. A Hankali cire ragowar ƙasa akan tushen, za'a iya wanke su da Fundazole bayani.
3. Raba tushen ɓangaren shuka a cikin harbe daban daban, dole ne a yi wannan ta yadda kowane sabon shuka akwai aƙalla maki biyu na ci gaban aiki.
4. Shuka dukkan tsirrai a cikin tukwane daban tare da matsakaiciyar matsakaiciyar tsire-tsire.
5. Kulawa ga samari shuke-shuke iri ɗaya ne da na manyan gerberas.

Gerbera na iya zama kamar wata tsiro ce mai wahalar kulawa, amma tare da ingantacciyar hanya da bin duk ƙa'idodi da buƙatun fulawar kanta, zaku iya samun kyakkyawan sakamako. Shirya ƙasa, ba da ruwa mai kyau da kuma amfani da kayan kariya da takin zamani zai taimaka wajan samar da cikakken lambu a cikin lambun ko a gida, kuma ita ma, za ta farantawa kowa rai da furanninta masu ban mamaki.

Kalli bidiyon: Abubuwa biyar Abun Farin ciki da suka faru a kannywood (Satumba 2024).