Komai game da lokacin da za'a dasa shuki na farko da yadda ake yin sa daidai: fasalulluka na girma da haifuwa fure

Primula na Primroses ne, yana daya daga cikin mafi yaduwar wakilan wannan jinsi, akwai sama da nau'ikan 450.

Yawanci ana samunta a cikin latitude tare da yanayi mai yanayi. Ana iya ganinsa a cikin Himalayas, a yammacin China, a tsibirin Java, a Amurka.

Shuke-shuke yana zaɓar makiyaya masu ambaliyar ruwa, bankunan magudanan ruwa, tafkuna da kogunan tsaunuka a matsayin mazauninsu, da kuma gangaren tsaunuka waɗanda ciyawa ta cika su. Za mu gaya muku yadda za ku yi girma na farko.

Canja wurin lokaci

Manyan gidaje suna girma kamar daddawa, kuma lambun tsaffin lambu kamar na perennials da na shekara-shekara. Bukatun waɗannan nau'ikan suna da kamanceceniya, amma kuma suna da nasu nuances, don haka zamuyi la'akari daban da kulawa da dasawa azaman zaɓi don furen gida da zaɓi don girma cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.

Zamu fada kara lokacin da za a dasa wannan shukar, gami da lambu da nau'ikan gida.

Janar

Rabon farko da farko saboda asalin haifuwa ana danganta shi da tsarin dasawa. Rabon farko an yi shi ne a cikin shekara ta uku ko ta biyar.... Ana buƙatar dasawa don shuka ta sake sabunta daji kuma ta sabunta cakuda ƙasa.

Ga lambu

Yaushe za a yi lambu na farko? Yana da al'ada don dasawa da rarraba bishiyar farko kowane shekara biyar.

Yana da sauƙin girma kuma yana buƙatar sabunta tsire-tsire lokaci-lokaci.... Lokacin mafi kyau duka don dasa shuki a cikin wannan yanayin shine lokaci bayan dakatar da furanni.

Idan da wani dalili wannan bai yi aiki ba, to ana iya dasa abubuwan share fage daga baya, amma bai wuce har zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta ba.

Gida

Ana yin shuke-shuken gida a ƙarshen bazara ko farkon kaka, kowane shekara biyu zuwa uku.

Me yasa ya zama dole?

• Shekaru da dama na ci gaba, yanayin farko yana girma kuma Rosettes sun riga sun kasance cike da juna.
• Akwai raguwa a yalwa da tsawon lokacin fure.
• Tushen an fallasa shi, wanda ke sa tsire-tsire masu rauni.

Ganin gida

Yadda ake dasawa?

Sun dauki sabuwar tukunya dan kadan fiye da tsohuwar... Ya kamata ya zama mai fadi sosai, amma bai isa sosai ba. Tukunyar yumbu ta fi karɓa, tunda yumɓu yana numfasawa kuma saiwoyin suna numfasawa, suna ba shuka shuka da yanayi mai kyau da lafiya. Ana buƙatar ramuka a ƙasan tukunyar don zubar da danshi mai yawa.

Hankali! Hanya mafi kyau don dasawa ta farko shine ta hanyar hanyar canja wuri.

1. Shayar da tsire a gaba don ƙasa ta zama mai laushi kuma mai sauƙi.
2. A Hankali sa tukunya tare da tsire a gefenta, rike da bishiyar magarya maraice.
3. Ta amfani da spatula, kaɗa tushen tare da ƙasa daga ƙarshen tukunyar, mirgine shukar da dunƙulen ƙasa.
4. Linedasan sabuwar tukunyar an lulluɓe shi da lalataccen ingantaccen magudanar yumbu, ya kamata ya zama kusan santimita biyu.
5. Na gaba, ana zuba santimita biyu na sabon hadewar ƙasa. Wajibi ne a rufe dukkan lãka wanda aka faɗaɗa don kada asalinsu ya zama kai tsaye ya shiga cikin magudanar ruwa.
6. Lokacin da tushen tushen ya toka dunƙulen ƙasa, yana nufin cewa lokacin dasawa shi ne mafi kyau duka kuma shukar tana buƙatar sabunta jita-jita da ƙasa.
7. An dasa shukar, tare da dunƙulen ƙasa, a hankali saka cikin sabuwar tukunya, ana sanya daji a tsakiya.
8. Coveredananan abubuwa daga tarnaƙi an rufe su da sabon ƙasa ta sashi.
9. Ba a binne primrose tare da rosette a cikin ƙasa, tabbatar cewa an bar shi a saman.

A cikin shekarun da ba a yi dasawa ba, ya zama dole a sabunta ƙasa ta cire saman layin santimita ɗaya da rabi da maye gurbin shi da sabo.

Nuances na kulawa

Hasken wuta

Haske mai son haske baya son hasken rana kai tsaye, yana son nau'ikan haske mai yaduwa. A gefen arewa, primrose zai ji daɗi, kuma a kudu akwai haɗarin konewa akan ganyen. Zai fi kyau a shuka fure a kan tagogin tagogin yamma da gabas.

Hankali! Tare da ƙarancin haske, primrose na iya girma, amma ba zai ba da yalwa mai tsawo da tsawo ba.

Zazzabi

A cikin hunturu da bazara, ana maraba da yanayin zafi na digiri 10-15. A lokacin bazara da lokacin furanni, aika shukar zuwa baranda, a cikin inuwar m, zai sami sakamako mai kyau. Lokacin da yanayin sanyi ya fara, za a mayar da primrose gidan. Yanayin zafin jiki mafi girma na iya sa fure ta fadi kuma ta rage lokacin fure. Koyaya, akwai irin wannan gurɓataccen ra'ayi mai rikitarwa wanda ke son dumi kuma yana ci gaba koyaushe a digiri 16-20. A wasu lokuta, yawan zafin jiki na ɗaki zai yi, ba tare da zafi fiye da kima ba.

Shayarwa

A matsakaita, ana shayar da haka: ƙasa a cikin tukunya bai kamata ta bushe ba, ya zama dole a ajiye ta a cikin yanayi mai ɗan danshi kaɗan. Koyaya, baza ku iya ƙirƙirar ruwa mai yawa ba, in ba haka ba saiwoyin zasu ruɓe. Hakanan akwai wasu nuances. A yayin lokutan furanni, ana shayar da magaruba sosai, kuma bayan an yi fure, an rage sashin danshi, yana shayar da kwana biyu zuwa uku bayan farfajiyar waje ta bushe.

Zafi

Shuka ba abu ne mai kyau ba game da sigogi na musamman na yanayin ɗumi, amma a daki mai bushe da zafi, zai iya yin rashin lafiya, ƙarshen ganyen zai bushe.

Don magance matsalar, ya isa sanya kofuna na ruwa kusa da shi, mai ɗebo ruwa ko sanya tukunyar a cikin babban tire tare da danshi mai danshi ko kumbura ƙwallan yumbu.

Yana da kyau a rika fesa primrose akai-akai daga feshi mai kyau don kada ganyensa ya bushe.

Kasar gona

Ya kamata cakuda ƙasa ya kasance mai matsakaici tare da abubuwa masu amfani, kuma tare da mai rauni, kusa da tsaka-tsakin acidity. Ya dace da ƙasa don geraniums ko duniya don furannin cikin gidaidan an gauraya shi da ɗan yashi. Kuna iya yin ƙasa da kanku ta hanyar haɗuwa daidai gwargwado: yashi, peat, turf da ƙasa mai laushi.

Nasiha! Kafin amfani, disinfect tare da haske bayani na potassium permanganate.

Taki

Ciyar da abinci tun daga lokacin da buds na farko suka bayyana har zuwa karshen furanni. Ana amfani da ruwan ma'adinai don ciyar da shuke-shuke furanni. Concentrationwayar ta rage rabi dangane da sashi da aka ba da shawarar a cikin umarnin. Ana aiwatar da aikin kowane mako biyu. Yayin lokacin launi, ya halatta a yi amfani da kwayoyin halitta sau ɗaya - maganin tsuntsaye.

A wasu lokuta kuma, ba a yin ciyarwa, sau daya kawai yayin noman zamani ana gabatar da takin mai magani don taimakawa aiwatar da karin girman ganyaye. Takin ruwa don tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ko maganin 0.1% na ammonium nitrate, zai dace a nan.

Furewa da lokacin bacci

Tare da isasshen haske da ruwan sha na yau da kullun, primrose ya yi fure a watan Fabrairu kuma ya ƙare lokacin flowering a watan Yuli. Sannan lokacin hutawa yazo. A wannan lokacin, samuwar ganyayyaki da dabbobin kafa suna tsayawa, amma tsofaffin basa yankewa. Yana da kyau a matsar da shukar zuwa m inuwa.

A lokacin hunturu, ya fi dacewa a tsaya a kan windowsill na arewa kusa da stele don ƙirƙirar ƙarancin haske kuma a lokaci guda sanyi. An canza yanayin kafin farawar fure - an ƙara hasken wuta, kuma an motsa tukunya zuwa wuri mai dumi.

Girma ta Maris 8 a cikin wani greenhouse

Don namo, nau'in tsiro mai ƙarancin shekaru biyu zuwa uku ya dace. An shekara ɗaya zai ba da ƙananan harbe, amma tuni sun fara nuna kyawawan halaye, bayan sun sami damar karɓar ƙarfin da ake buƙata a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Kafin dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar raba rhizome a cikin ciyawar mai zaman kanta, yi ta wannan hanyar daga guda da yawa.

Tsarin aiki

1. Wajibi ne ayi tono farkon farkon kaka. Yana da mahimmanci, tare da dunƙulen ƙasa, sanya shuka a cikin tsarin zazzabi na +3 digiri, ba mafi girma ba. Don haka, zai iya yiwuwa a adana shi har kwanakin farko na Fabrairu.
2. A farkon Fabrairu, ana cire duk ganye da tushe daga shukar.
3. An dasa su a cikin tukwane 10-12 cm a diamita. Ana ɗauke da substrate kamar na abubuwan share fage na gida.
4. Ba a binne mashigar ta kowace hanya, tana barin shi ya sha ruwa tare da yanayin ƙasa.
5. Sun ƙunshi ƙwaya a zazzabi na digiri + 5-10. Wannan yanayin yanayin shine mabuɗin don furewar fure, a wannan yanayin zafin rana ne kwanciya na ɗakunan kwankwasiyya da toho a hanya mafi kyau.
6. Hasken ya kamata ya zama mai kyau, amma ba haskoki kai tsaye.
7. Ana yin shayarwa a matsakaici, ana ciyar da karin abinci tare da maganin ma'adinai kafin buds su yi fure.

Nasiha! Bayan shukar ta dushe, zai yiwu a mayar da ita zuwa ga fili, a kula da ita bisa ka'idojin da aka yarda dasu gabaɗaya.

Wannan shine yadda ake shuka fure kafin ranar 8 ga Maris a cikin wani greenhouse.

Bude filin noma

Yanzu game da girma a cikin filin budewa.

Kasar gona

Roasar Primrose tana son hygroscopic, sako-sako da haske... Yana da mahimmanci a kwashe kasar saboda danshi baya daskarewa kuma ya haifar da rubewar tushe. Ya fi kyau girma a cikin ƙasa mai yashi-yashi. Idan ƙasa tana da nauyi da kuma yumɓu, to, zaku iya sassauta shi da kuma sauƙaƙa shi ta hanyar ƙara yashi mai lita goma da kuma kilo biyu na taki a kowace mita mai siffar sukari, da kuma magudanar ruwa da sakin jiki na murƙushe sphagnum da vermiculite.

Wuri

Saukowa a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa na rayuwar yau da kullun ana yin sa a shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa. A lokacin bazara ko kaka. Mafi kyawun wuri a gareta zai kasance a cikin inuwa, kusa da daji da bishiyoyi. Yankin da ya dace, ya haskaka da safe kawai, ko dutse mai tsayi a gabashin, arewacin ko ɓangarorin yamma na gidan.

Shayar da takin zamani

Ana buƙatar kiyaye ƙasa da ɗan danshi kaɗan, ta amfani da ruwa a kan kuɗaɗen lita uku a kowace murabba'i. A lokacin zafi, ana shayar da ruwa sau biyu. Suna ciyarwa tare da abubuwan ma'adinai iri daya kamar na shukar gida. Bai kamata ku zama masu himma da abinci masu amfani da nitrogen ba, don kada shukar ta jefa dukkan ƙarfinta cikin samuwar ganye, to furanni kawai ba za su yi aiki ba.

Don kauce wa irin wannan lamarin, takin nitrogen yana maye gurbin potassium da phosphorus. Primrose yana da kyau karɓar peat da humus, takin ƙasa da ƙasa mai ganye. Wannan ba kawai ya wadatar da ƙasa ba, amma kuma ya inganta halayen tsarinta. Ana yin kwalliya sau uku yayin girma - a farkon bazara, bayan yan makonni kuma a kashi na biyu na lokacin bazara.

Zazzabi

Farkon yana tsayayya da saurin sanyi, har ma yana jure yanayin yanayin zafi, har zuwa - 6. Akwai, duk da haka, matasan da basu da taurin kai kuma yana da kyau a tsaftace su kafin sanyi. Ana adana waɗannan tsire-tsire har sai bazara a cikin kwantena a cikin wuri mai sanyi. Kara karantawa game da yadda ake shirya farkon lokacin hunturu anan.

Me za a yi tare da lambu iri-iri?

Yanzu game da girma wani lambu iri-iri na farko da kuma kula da shi.

Plantedananan shuke-shuken shuke-shuke ana shuka su a tsakanin tazarar 10-15 cm, da manyan wadanda ke da tazara daga 20-30 cm. Farkon dan adam yana son wurare masu kariya da kariya, saboda haka dole ne a shirya lambun fure don tsire-tsire su rufe juna bayan sun girma.

Zai fi dacewa don dasawa a ranar girgije.

1. Shirya rami na zurfin da ya dace a cikin wurin da ake so.
2. An saka toka, yashi da taki a cikin sabbin ramuka.
3. Tona mahimmin abu tare da dunƙulen ƙasa.
4. Sake shirya shuka ta hanyar sanya sabuwar ramin. A hankali rufe tarnaƙi tare da ƙasa.
5. Ruwa, a cikin zafi yana da muhimmanci don inuwa shukar.

Idan dasawa yana da alaƙa da niyyar raba farkon, to ya kamata ayi aikin bayan lokacin furen. Yana da mahimmanci cewa bayan dasa shuren furen yana da lokacin dasawa kafin farkon lokacin sanyi.

Mahimmanci! Wannan fitowar tana da nata halaye, tunda, alal misali, iri-iri Siebold ba a raba su a farkon bazara da kuma lokacin kaka. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa tana farkawa daga baya kuma zuwa 15 ga Agusta ganyenta ya riga ya mutu. Hoda mai ruwan hoda yana furewa a farkon watan bazara, amma har yanzu bai saki ganyen ba. Idan akayi la’akari da wannan, ana raba shi ne kawai lokacin da aka kirkiro rozet.

Baya ga misalan da aka bayar, akwai wasu halaye daban-daban na keɓancewar iri.

Furewa da barinta bayanta

Babban halayen wannan tsirar shine ainihin sigogin furanni. Sunan yana magana don kansa - shukar tana fure a farkon bazara... Primula kalma ce ta Latin wacce ke nufin "na farko" a fassarar, kuma wannan ya cancanci, tunda mafi yawansu maimakon wasu suna farkawa zuwa rayuwa bayan sanyin hunturu. Yawancin nau'ikan sun fara fure a ƙarshen watan Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu, wasu a tsakiyar watan Mayu, kuma akwai waɗanda ke ba da launi na farko cikin cikakken lilo da ƙarshen bazara.

An tattara furanni masu haske a cikin inflorescences bisa ga ƙa'idodi da yawa: laima, candelabra, matashi, tiered, capitate da kararrawa. Wannan shine babban siga don rarrabe tsakanin jinsuna da nau'uka. Furanni suna zuwa da sautuka iri-iri - launin ruwan kasa, shunayya, shuɗi, fari, rawaya, tare da banbancin gefuna masu ban sha'awa kusa da gefen petal.

Bayan an gama fure, ɓangaren ƙasa na farkon zai iya bushewa, amma ba koyaushe ba, duk ya dogara da nau'ikan. Wajibi ne a sassauta kasar ta hanyar cire ciyawar. Rage shayarwa.

Primrose biorhythms an haɗa su cikin sabon yanayin kuma shukar, ya daina yin furanni, ya fara samar da ganyaye... Wani mahimmin yanayi shine adana fitarwa har zuwa ƙarshen kaka, tunda foliage a lokaci guda zai kiyaye shuka daga sanyi.

An bar nau'ikan sanyi mai jure lokacin hunturu, kuma an cire matasan a cikin ɗaki.

An yayyafa manyan rigakafi masu sanyi-sanyi tare da ƙaramin Layer na humus kuma an rufe su da Layer na rassan spruce. A cikin yankuna masu ɗumi da dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa, ba za a rufe shuka ba. A lokacin bazara, tun kafin ya narke gaba daya, ya zama dole a lalata ɓawon kankara don kada ya fito, kuma a 'yantar da farkon daga busasshiyar ganye. Yanke ganyayyaki a lokacin kaka zai lalata kayan kwalliyar fure, ya raunana furen, ya niƙa. Yanzu kun san abin da za ku yi bayan shukar ta fure.

Mun tattauna game da shirye-shiryen primrose don hunturu dalla-dalla anan, kuma daga wannan kayan zaku koya game da ka'idojin dasawa da kula da shuka a cikin kaka.

Sake haifuwa

A wannan bangare, za mu nuna muku yadda ake yada fulawa. Za ku koya game da yaduwar ganye da rarrabuwa daji.

Ta hanyar yankan

Ana yin shi a watan Agusta ko farkon Satumba don sabuntawa da samun kayan don kiwo.

1. Ruwa yalwa.
2. Bayan hoursan awanni, an tono shukar.
3. Ana wanke tushen tushen a hankali cikin kwandon ruwa ko guga.
4. Yanke cikin rarrabuwa domin kowane yana da akalla mahimman ci gaba.
5. Ana yanka yanke tare da toka foda.
6. Dasa, zurfafa ta 3-4 cm kuma an shayar da shi.

Axillary harbi

Ana amfani da shi tare da raunana tushen, da kuma idan akwai hanya ɗaya kawai.

Ganye, tare da wani ɓangare na petiole, toho da gutsure daga cikin harbi, an yanke su kuma an samo su a cikin asalin. Takaddun zanen gado ya rage rabi kafin cire kayan kiwoyankewa. Lokacin da buds ya tsiro tare da ganye huɗu, ana dasa su a cikin tukwane daban, kuma an dasa shi zuwa buɗaɗɗen ƙasa a cikin bazara.

Magana! Ana aiwatar da Rooting a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu zuwa: ana kiyaye zafin jiki a + 16-18 ºC, a kai a kai yana shayar da ƙasa tare da ba da haske mai kyau, amma ba tare da haskoki kai tsaye ba.

Wasu hanyoyin

• Ana iya cire haɗin Delenka ba tare da dame dukkan tsiron ba, amma ta hanyar tonowa da rabuwa daga rhizome daga ɗayan bangarorin masu kyau.
• Zai yuwu kada ku hada dasawa da kiwo, amma don amfani da hanyar dasawa. Zai fi dacewa don yanke farkon a watan Mayu ko Yuni. A saboda wannan dalili, an yanke ganye tare da petiole kuma an samo shi a cikin ƙaramin greenhouse daga tulu ko jaka. Hanyar galibi ana amfani dashi don nau'in kunnuwa irin na farko.
• Akwai zaɓi na tsunkule koda mai ƙwanƙwasa, wanda zai tsokane farkawa ta aiki na ɓoye na gefe, kuma farkon zai ba da yayan yankuna.

Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa da maganin su

Primrose yana da tsayayya ga cuta, amma har yanzu akwai matsaloli... Aphids, ticks, weevils, fleas, slugs da nematodes suna cutar da shuka sosai.Primroses suna da matukar saukin kamuwa da cututtuka kamar su faty mildew, naman kaza ramularia cercosporella, rub, tsatsa, tabo na kwayar cuta da kuma anthracnose.

Lokaci mafi wahala a wannan batun shine daga tsakiyar Maris zuwa Yuni gaba ɗaya. Ganyayyaki sun fara rasa bayyanar su, sun zama launin ruwan kasa, sun zama jajaje, sun zama rawaya, kuma tare da ci gaba da tasirin lalacewar abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar, tsiron na iya mutuwa gaba ɗaya. Don magance cutar, ana buƙata don yantar da farkon daga ganyen da abin ya shafa da tushe, don kashe cututtukan "raunuka" tare da kayan gwari. Bugu da kari, zaku iya fesawa da ruwan Bordeaux ko jan ƙarfe na oxychloride a cikin bayani, kafin furanni da kuma ƙarshen.

Yi amfani dashi a ƙirar shimfidar wuri

Launi mai haske da siffofi iri-iri da kuma girman daji suna sanya shi ya zama ba kawai ba lokacin da ake yin ado da ɗakin gida ba, har ma da tsarin shimfidar wuri. An yi amfani da wannan tsire-tsire marasa kyau don yin ado na lambun. Saboda keɓaɓɓun abubuwan shuka, ana amfani da su a yankin arewacin shafin. Don cimma sakamako na ado, an dasa shuke-shuke da kyau sosai don su samar da layi ɗaya, da'ira ko siffar mai kusurwa. Hakanan za'a iya girma Primrose a kyawawan tukwanen waje, canza abun gwargwadon yanayin.

Abubuwa masu amfani

• Dukan tsire-tsire, tushen, furanni da mai tushe - ya ƙunshi babban narkar salts na manganese.
• Tushen tushe ne na saponins, mahimmin mai da glycosides.
• Yankin kore da furanni suna da wadataccen kayan bitamin, musamman bitamin C.
• An saka ganye a cikin miya da salati, don gasawa. Har ma yana dauke da carotene.
• Hakanan ana amfani da tushen a cikin shirye-shiryen jita-jita duka sabo ne da kuma cikin busasshen foda.
• A broth yana da wani expectorant dukiya, taimaka wajen warkar da cututtuka na numfashi tsarin.
• An shirya jiko daga asalin, kuma ana yin decoction daga sassan ƙasa.
• Primrose yana saukaka ciwo, yana aiki azaman diuretic, yana taimakawa tare da ciwon kai, rashin bacci da neuroses.
• An haɗu da tsire-tsire a cikin shirye-shiryen ganyayyaki da yawa.

Mahimmanci! Daga cikin contraindications, kawai rashin haƙuri da juna biyu.

Hanya mafi sauki don yaduwar farkon itace ta hanyar rarraba daji, amma idan ya cancanta, zaka iya amfani da hanyar iri. Karanta yadda zaka yi shi anan.

Mara ma'ana, mai hankali, kuma a lokaci guda tsire-tsire mai ƙarfi, ba kawai ado na lambun da gida ba, har ma mai warkarwa mai kulawa, yana kiyayewa daga cututtuka da baƙin ciki, kyauta yana ba da kwarjini da kwarjini. An kulawa kaɗan da caji na aiki da lafiya za a bayar.

Yanzu kun san yadda da lokacin da zaku raba farkon.

Kalli bidiyon: YADDA AKE CIN GINDIN AMARYA YAR SHEKARA 18 (Satumba 2024).