Menene pseudobulb a cikin orchid: fasali da hotunan tubers na iska
Orchids tsirrai ne na da kuma baƙon abu, ta hanyoyi da yawa sabanin furannin da muka saba dasu. An bayyana yanayin yanayin bayyanar da tsarin su, da farko, ta hanyar cewa a cikin yanayin suna rayuwa a cikin takamaiman yanayi - gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, zafi, danshi da duhu, kuma, ba kamar furanni na yau da kullun ba, basa girma cikin ƙasa, amma akan bishiyoyi da duwatsu ...
Gabobin da suka samu yayin aiwatar da juyin halitta suna taimaka musu wajen jure zafi da zafi, tare da samun abinci da ruwa a zahiri "daga iska." Bulba babban misali ne na irin wannan gabar.
Menene?
Sunan "bulba" ya fito ne daga kalmar Latin bulbus, wanda ke nufin "albasa"... Wannan sashin jikin shine danshi a gindin itacen ochid wanda yake adana ruwa da na gina jiki. A cikin nau'ikan orchids da yawa, kwan fitila da gaske yana kama da kwan fitila, amma wannan ya yi nesa da zaɓin tsari kawai, kwararan fitila ma na iya zama:
- zagaye;
- kauce;
- lebur;
- silinda;
- fusiform;
- ma'ana.
HANKALI: Kwararan fitilar Orchid suma suna da girma sosai: daga millan milimita zuwa 15 santimita, ya danganta da jinsi da jinsi.
Ana samun kwararan fitila ne kawai a cikin orchids masu haɗa kai.... Wadannan orchids masu yawa a tsaye a tsaye suna "iya iya" don haɓaka gabobin ajiya na musamman daga harbe da yawa. Monopoidal orchids suna da tushe guda ɗaya kawai, waɗanda ke da ƙarancin girma, don haka ba su da komai don samar da kwararan fitila. Suna tara danshi a cikin lokacin farin ciki, ganyen nama.
Hoto
A ƙasa zaku iya ganin kwararan fitila da maƙallan hoto a hoto.
Menene bambanci tsakanin gaskiya da ƙarya?
Da tsananin magana, babu wani bambanci tsakanin kwan fitila da pseudobulba kwata-kwata.: shi kwaya daya ce kuma abu daya ne, kuma bambancin sunaye ne a dunkule. A al'adance, a cikin ilimin tsirrai, ana amfani da kalmar "bulb" don kiran samuwar da ke da siffar kwan fitila, kuma kalmar "pseudobulba" ana amfani da ita ne wajen yin samfuran kowane nau'i. Koyaya, idan sunayen sun rikice, ba zai zama babban kuskure ba.
Akwai wasu, ƙarin sharuɗɗan duniya:
- tuberidium;
- tuber na iska;
- amsar
Bambanci daga ainihin kwararan fitila da tubers shine tubers da kwararan fitila suna ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kuma kwararan fitila suna saman samanta... Da cikakkiyar magana, orchids, bisa ƙa'ida, da wuya su sami tushe a cikin ƙasa, sun fi son girma akan duwatsu da bishiyoyi, waɗanda ake amfani da su azaman "tsayawa".
MUHIMMANCI: Yawancin nau'ikan orchids suna girma akan bishiyoyi, amma ba parasites bane, suna karɓar duk abubuwan gina jiki da ake buƙata yayin aiwatar da hotuna, da kuma daga shara (ganye, bawon haushi).
Wadannan tsire-tsire suna shayar da danshi daga iska: kazamai masu yawa da ruwan sama suna yawaita a wurare masu zafi. Kasancewar kwararan fitila wata hujja ce kai tsaye game da rayuwar rashin ƙwayoyin cuta ta orchids; ainihin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke ciyar da tsire-tsire masu karɓar bakuna (alal misali, rafflesia) ba sa buƙatar yin tanadi.
Ci gaba da tsari
An kafa tuber mai iska daga toho mai tsire-tsire... Na farko, wani saurayi mai tsaye a tsaye ya bayyana daga gare shi, sa'annan wani tsiron tsirrai ya tsiro a kanta, wanda, bayan ya gama girma, ya fara yin kauri, ya zama cikakken tuber. Wannan tsari yana daukar kusan rabin shekara - kakar furanni daya.
A takaice dai, tuber na iska mai matukar kwarjini ne wanda aka canza shi sosai; bayan lokaci, buds na iya samar ma ta farfajiyar, duka ciyayi (tare da harbe-harbe da ganye) da kuma haihuwa (tare da furanni). Sau da yawa, a gindin, waɗannan gabobin suna da abin da ake kira ganye masu rufi wanda ke kare su daga bushewa da kuma tasirin tasiri.
Bulba '' jaka ce '' ta kayan tsiro mai yalwa - epidermis, cike da nama mai laushi-mai kama da laushi wanda ke sha da riƙe danshi. A yanayi, orchids suna amfani da hannun jari da aka tara a cikin kwan fitilar., a lokacin bushewa. Wadannan gabobi suna da dadewa sosai: tsawon rayuwarsu ya bambanta daga shekara daya zuwa hudu, kuma a wasu orchids (alal misali, a cikin tsirrai na kwayar halittar Cymbidium), kwararan fitila suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 12.
Sunayen nau'ikan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke samar da ƙirar ƙira a kan tushe
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, tubers na iska suna samar da orchids ne kawai. Sabili da haka, idan tsiranku na wannan nau'in, tabbas yana da kwararan fitila.
lelia;
- kayan kwalliya;
- maxillaria;
- dracula;
- bifrenaria;
- pescatorea;
- musayar;
- shanya;
- jahannama;
- tagulla;
- dendrobium;
- bulbophyllum;
- oncidium, kazalika da yawa wasu.
Kulawa
Orlid kwararan fitila basa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman... Abinda kawai za'a tuna shine tubers, kamar tushe, suna da rauni sosai, saboda haka bai kamata ku taɓa su ba sai dai in sun zama dole. Hakanan ba'a so barin kwararan fitila a cikin hasken rana mai haske. Speciesananan jinsunan orchid suna haƙuri da hasken rana kai tsaye da kyau, yawancinsu sun fara bushewa, kuma a cikin wasu rana zata iya barin ainihin ƙonewa.
Kammalawa
Orchid fure ne mai ban mamaki wanda ke buƙatar yanayi na musamman. Don kulawa dashi yadda yakamata, kana buƙatar samun ƙwarewar tsari da tsarin rayuwa. Yana iya zama mai ban tsoro, amma tare da kulawa mai kyau ƙoƙarinku zai biya da kyawawan furanni!