Kyawawan orchid Zigopetalum - ƙananan-nau'ikan da dokokin kulawa

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Zygopetalum orchid, kyakkyawar Ba'amurke, ba ta da ma'ana, tana tafiya daidai cikin yanayinmu, yana da haske ƙwarai da gaske, yana da sauƙin ma'amala da shi!

Ya yi fure sosai girma da haske. Waɗanne launuka waɗanda ba za ku iya samu ba: mai laushi - fari, ceri, akwai kuma taurarin motley, tare da alamu da ƙyalli masu ban mamaki. Hakikanin gadon fure na bakan gizo! a yau za mu gaya muku game da tarihin asalin zygopetalum, ƙananan jinsunansa da ka'idojin kula da wannan kyakkyawan furen.

Bayani a takaice

HANKALI: Zygopetalum Lusendorf - Wannan jinsi ya fito ne daga babban dangin orchids, amma ba kamar na kowa bane kamar yawancin orchids, akwai kusan nau'in 20 gabaɗaya.

Zasu iya zama na ƙasa da epiphytes, lithophytes, ma'ana, suna girma a cikin kwazazzabai na duwatsu, a kan duwatsu, a cikin dazukan wurare masu zafi. Gida na - Kudancin Amurka, Mexico, gandun daji na Brazil, Peru.

Cikakken bayanin

Tsarin da ba a saba gani ba na fure kanta - petals suna girma tare a ginshiƙan ginshiƙin... Orchid babba ne, furanni masu kamshi, suna da ƙamshi mai kauri. Furanni suna da ƙanshi musamman da sanyin safiya.

Tsawon harbe-harben ya kai rabin mita. Sympodial irin girma. Tsuntsu mai rarrafe yana kama da tsani, da kowane 'mataki' a hankali yana hawa sama da ƙasa. An kafa tushen tushen: fari, lokacin farin ciki.

Pseudobulbs suna da tsayi, gajarta, santsi, haske mai haske, oval... Suna cikin wani nau'in gida daga ƙananan ganye, wanda ke mutuwa akan lokaci. Suna yawan yin 'ya'ya a cikin furanni da yawa. Yayinda yake girma da bunkasa, kowane pseudobulb yayi girma sama da na baya.

Ganyayyaki suna sheki, nuna, fadi, fata, kamar dai an rufe shi da sheki, kamar wuka - lancet. Suna da jijiyoyi masu tsawo.

Furannin suna da haske: shunayya, fari, kore, fure mai kama da kifi. Inflorescences suna kama da goge masu wuya... Zasu iya samun launi ɗaya, ko kuma za'a iya yin su da haske da aibobi da alamu iri-iri. Lebe, kamar buroshi mai haske na burushin mai zane, ya fita daban sabanin bayan fure kanta.

Tarihin asali

Orchid zygopetulum - fassara ta zahiri daga Girkanci - "haɗe", "karkiya" da "petal". Kakanninta sun zo gonakinmu da kuma greenhouses daga Kudancin Amurka. A yau, ana samun wadatattun matasan wannan turaren ga dukkan Turawa, suna da sauƙin kulawa, ba son rai ba, suna buƙatar yanayin rayuwa kusa da yanayin asalin ƙasarsu ta tarihi.

Menene bambanci daga sauran nau'ikan?

Orchid na zygopetalum baya jure “bushewa” na ƙasa sam, wanda ake aiwatar dashi yayin kula da wasu nau'ikan orchids. Tushen wannan orchid ɗin musamman bashi da wani tushe na tushen kariya wanda zai iya riƙe danshi a cikin kayan.

MUHIMMANCI: Lokacin da substrate ta kafe, zygopetalum orchid zai mutu.

Ortididdiga

Babu wadatattun "tushen tushe" na zygopetalum; a cikin shagunan filawa zaku iya siyan matasan waɗannan orchids, zamuyi la'akari da mafi kyawun su.

Amazonica

Mafi yawan iri iri na zygopetalum. Furannin kansu fararen-dusar ƙanƙara ne, lebba an yi mata alama da launuka masu ruwan ɗumi mai haske, wannan yana ƙara haske da bambanci ga ɗaukacin orchid. Ganyayyaki suna koren haske, masu rauni, an tace su, suna girma cikin kyakkyawan fan, har tsawon 20 cm. Theamshin orchid na Amazonica kyakkyawa ne kuma mai daɗewa.

Lindeniae

Tauraruwa mai banbancin ban dariya, tana fure a bazara da bazara, furannin suna girma har zuwa cm 8. Fulawar da kansu suna ɗagawa, koren haske tare da ratsi mai launin ruwan kasa mai haske, amma lebe mai ban dariya ya fita daban da yadudduka masu launuka shunayya akan bango fari mai haske. Wannan zygopetalum na musamman ne, rhizome nasa yana rarrafe, an girma shi cikin tukwane masu faɗi. Ganyayyaki suna da haske, nuna, suna girma har zuwa 30 cm.

Bloom

Yaushe kuma ta yaya?

Zygopetalum, tare da kulawar gida mai kyau, na iya fure sau 2 a shekara, kuma a kowane lokaci. Mafi sau da yawa, furanni yana farawa a kaka ko hunturu. Blooms tsawon isa ga 1.5 - 2 watanni. A lokacin furanni, kiyaye tsarin inuwa na orchid, furanni a cikin inuwa mai tsayi sun daɗe.

Kula kafin da bayan

Kafin fure, ƙwanƙwasa cikin Zygopetalum yana haɓaka tare da ɗan ƙirar pseudobulb. Lokacin hutawa galibi ba a lura da shi lokacin da mashin ɗin sun riga sun yi kyau.

TAMBAYA: Zai fi kyau ka rage zafin jikin a wannan lokacin, ka rage shayarwa domin rage danshi da ke cikin kasar da iska. Yanayin iska da ake so ya kai 20 ° C, kuma laima matsakaiciya ce, aƙalla 60%.

Idan bai narke ba fa?

Idan pseudobulb ya riga ya fara, kuma maɓallin bai bayyana ba, to kada ku yi tsammanin fure. Don "zuga" orchid ya yi fure, kuna buƙatar rage shayarwa... Bambancin zafin jiki na 3 - 5 ° C ya zama tilas ga flowering.

Umurnin mataki zuwa mataki don girma

Zaɓin wurin zama

Zygopetalum orchid na son inuwa ta rabin fuska, don haka galibi ana ajiye tukwane a yamma ko gefen gabas. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to don wurin arewa, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da hasken haske, kuma dole ne a yi inuwa ta tagogin kudu.

Ana shirya ƙasa da tukunya

Substrate na zygopetalum yana buƙatar na musamman, mai ƙoshin ruwa:

Kyakkyawan magudana daga kumbura mai yumɓu, pebbles, kumfa.
Piecesananan guntun itacen Pine.
Peat.
Moss shine sphagnum don riƙe danshi.

Hakanan wani abun ciki wanda yake dauke da humus shima ya dace:

Matsakaici guda na itacen Pine.
Moss shine sphagnum.
Ƙasar Sod.
Peat.
Mullein.
Ganyen bushe.
Layer magudanar ruwa ta ƙunshi kumbura mai yumɓu ko ƙwanƙolin yumbu.

Don girma orchids, ya fi dacewa don amfani da tukwanen filastik.... Tushen ya girma da ƙarfi, yana manne da saman tukunyar, kuma maiyuwa ya lalace yayin dasa shi. Kuma don samun iska a gefen ƙasa a cikin tukunyar filastik, ya fi sauƙi don yin ƙananan ramuka.

Hakanan zaka iya amfani da kwandunan katako na katako ko wasu kwalaye na katako.

Zazzabi

Tsarin zazzabi na zygopetalum orchid ya zama matsakaici:

Lokacin bazara shine 23 - 25 ° C yayin rana har zuwa 18 ° C da daddare.
Lokacin kaka-lokacin hunturu - 18 - 23 ° C yayin rana, da dare har zuwa 15 ° C.

MUHIMMANCI: Ya wajaba a kiyaye bambancin zafin yau da kullun na digiri da yawa.

Yakamata a kiyaye iyakokin zafin jiki a cikin shekara... A lokacin dumi, daga bazara zuwa farkon kaka, har zuwa lokacin sanyi na dare, ana iya ajiye wannan orchid a waje - a cikin lambu, a kan loggia ko a buɗe baranda. Don haka, zygopetalum mai haƙuri zai karɓi tsarin zafin jiki na dare da rana tare da bambance-bambancen da ake buƙata.

Zafi

Hankalin iska da ake buƙata ya isa sosai - 70 - 90%, a bushewar yanayi aƙalla 60% zafi. Babban danshi mai iska da kyakkyawan zagayawa sune mabuɗin don ci gaban lafiya da haɓaka zygopetalum.

Fesawa da ƙarin tray tare da tsakuwa pebbles na iya ba koyaushe kula da danshi da ake buƙata ba. Zai fi kyau wannan orchid din ya sayi danshi na musamman na wucin gadi, janareto.

Hasken wuta

Guji hasken rana kai tsaye mai haske don kauce wa haɗarin haɗari akan ganyen orchid. Zygopetalum yana buƙatar laushi mai yaduwa mai taushi. Zai fi kyau a yiwa windows windows farar takarda, labule, ko ajiye tukwane nesa da gilasan windows.

Idan ganyayyaki launi ne mai laushi mai haske, to orchid yana karɓar isasshen haske. Idan ganyen yayi duhu, kuna buƙatar ƙara hasken baya, musamman a lokacin hunturu.

Shayarwa

Orchids Zigopetalum yana son shayarwa... A lokacin rani, shayarwa ya kamata ya zama mai tsanani, a wannan lokacin yana da kyau a ƙara ban ruwa - spraying da ƙarin danshi - sanya tukwane a kan pallet tare da rigar duwatsu, sanya saucers na ruwa kusa da tukwane. Masu sayar da furanni suna ba da shawarar yin amfani da ruwan dumi sau 2 a wata.

Lokacin feshin ruwa, kada ruwa ya faɗo kan furannin kansu, zasu iya zama gurɓatattu.

Yawanci ana shayarwa da safe. A cikin hunturu, watering ya ragu, amma kuna buƙatar saka idanu a kan substrate, kada ya bushe.

Guji samun ruwa a kan ƙananan harbe-harbe da kayan masarufi. Rot na iya bayyana. Bayan an yi wanka, a goge sinus din ganye da kanti sosai da auduga.

Ruwa ya kamata a tsarkake, tace, rabuwa ko dafa shi... Narkewa ko ruwan sama shima yana da amfani. Ba shi yiwuwa a busar da ƙasa, amma kuma ba zai yuwu a cika zygopetalum ba. Tushen ya zama yana da danshi koyaushe, amma bai kamata ya tsaya tare ba.

Hanyar shayarwa - nitsar da tukunyar a cikin guga na tsawon minti 20 har sai ya cika da danshi. Sannan ya zama dole a bar ruwa mai yawa ya malale a cikin kwanon ruwar, wanda daga baya muke zubewa.

Kalli bidiyo game da yadda yakamata a shayar da orchid:

Top miya

Muna hada hadi da ban ruwa. A lokacin rani - sau 2 a mako, a lokacin sanyi ya isa ciyar da orchid sau ɗaya a wata. A lokacin girma, ana amfani da takin mai magani tare da nitrogen; yayin fure, zai fi kyau a yi takin mai da potassium da phosphorus.

Zygopetalum yana da damuwa ga ciyarwar wucin gadi mai wuce kima, zaka iya halakar da asalinsu. Karanta umarnin a hankali, kiyaye takin kashi.

Za a iya amfani da feshi cikin ƙananan taki don ƙarin hadi.

Kalli bidiyo game da madaidaicin ciyar da itacen orchid:

Canja wurin

Idan tushen ya yi ƙarfi sosai, ya zama ƙuntatacce, saiwoyin iska "suna rarrafe" a saman tukunyar, kuna buƙatar dasa itacen orchid. Idan substrate ya fara ruɓewa, ya bushe sosai, ya sha ruwa da yawa, ana buƙatar dasawa, in ba haka ba saiwar na iya ruɓewa.

Muna dasawa kowane shekara 2-3, zai fi dacewa a lokacin bazara, lokacin da harbe-harbe suka fara girma. Idan a lokaci guda buds sun riga sun bayyana, dasawa yafi kyau bayan orchid ya dushe.

Hanyar mai sauki ce:

Tsabtace tsoffin matattu da ruɓaɓɓen tushe tare da tsabta, kayan aikin da aka sarrafa.
Zai fi kyau a kashe cututtukan shafin da gawayi.
Hakanan muna cire busassun pseudobulbs.
Mun bar koren pseudobulbs, suna riƙe da wadatattun kayan gina jiki, wannan zai tallafawa orchid yayin daidaitawa.

Kalli bidiyo game da dasawa daidai na zygopetalum orchid:

Yadda ake yadawa?

Muna yada orchid ta hanyar rarrabuwa:

Pre-tsabtace tushen busassun, ɓangarorin da suka kamu da cutar, tsohuwar matattara.
Mun raba sabunta orchid zuwa sassa da yawa.
Kowane yanki ya sami tsiro 2 zuwa 3.
Mun ayyana waɗannan tsiro a cikin ganshin sphagnum don balaga a wuri na musamman, yana yiwuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Muna shayarwa sau da yawa.
Kowane ɓangaren cikakke tare da ingantattun pseudobulbs ana motsa shi a hankali cikin tukunya tare da substrate.
Don hana ruɓewa, ana kula da asalinsu da gawayi.

Kalli bidiyo game da haifuwa na wani orchid ta hanyar raba daji (rosette):

Cututtuka da kwari

Mafi yawan kwari na zygopetalum orchid:

Mizanin gizo-gizo... Alamomin lalacewa: fararen fata sun bayyana akan ganyen da ke ƙasa, sannan suka zama launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Wani siririn saƙar gizo yana kwantar da mai tushe. Hanya mai sauƙi tare da shawa mai dumi zai taimaka don jimre wa wannan cuta. Maimaita hanya sau 2 - 3. Zaka iya amfani da actofit ko fitoverm. 3 sau tare da tazara na 1 - 2 makonni, muna sarrafa ganye tare da bayani: 1 g na miyagun ƙwayoyi a kowace lita na ruwa.
Katantanwa da slugs yawanci sukan kai hari ga ganyen furar, ramuka sun kasance akan su. Daga kwari, hanyoyin azurfa sun kasance - alamun. Ta hanyar nitsar da zygopetalum a cikin ruwa, katantanwa za su bayyana akan bututun, suna buƙatar tattara su. Ana amfani da magungunan mesurol, sau ɗaya a kowane mako 3.
Rot yana faruwa tare da shayarwa mara kyau. Dole ne a dakatar da shayarwa, dole ne a bushe substrate. Yana da kyau a dasa itacen orchid ta hanyar tsabtace tushen daga lalatattun matakai. Yi amfani da kayan gwari don magance wuraren da cutar ta kama.

Rigakafin matsaloli daban-daban

Ruwa na yau da kullun kuma daidai, dasawa, ba da abinci, ciyarwa su ne manyan yanayin rigakafin.
Excessaramar haske yana haifar da ci gaban gwaiwa da jinkiri ga haɓakar pseudobulbs, sakamakon abin da tsiron zai zama bai dace da furanni ba.
Idan zygopetalum ba ya karɓar haske a cikin ƙarar da ake buƙata a kowane lokaci, kada ku yi tsammanin fure. Pedunƙarar ƙwanƙwasa ya daskare, ƙwayoyin fure sun mutu.
Don hana ruɓaɓɓu, sikelin kwari da sauran cututtukan fungal, masu noman fure suna ba da shawarar shafa orchid tare da rauni mai ƙarfi na cirewar coniferous: 20 g na samfurin a kowace lita na ruwa.

Kammalawa

Bin duk shawarwarin kula da wannan fure mai ban mamaki, kare ta daga dukkan matsaloli da cututtuka, za ku sami lada mai karimci - yanayi na walwala da fara'a a cikin gidanku da kuma zuma mai daɗin ƙamshi mai ƙima.

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