Pan birni amma kyakkyawa mazaunin windowsill - Guernia! Kulawar gida
Yana da wuya a yi tunanin kyakkyawar hanyar da za ta inganta rayuwar ku fiye da ambaliyar ta da shukokin gida. Baya ga gaskiyar cewa ƙarshen yana tsarkake iska sosai, su ma suna da kyau, suna da daɗi da ido da kuma ɗabi'a, saboda abin da suke kawo dandano na asali zuwa ciki.
Ofayan waɗannan nau'ikan za'a tattauna a ƙasa a cikin labarin. Wannan furen daga waje yana da sunaye da yawa iri-iri, ƙanshi mai ƙamshi da launuka iri-iri marasa iyaka.
Bayanin tsire na cikin gida
Huernia (ko Huernia, Guernia, Guernia) a Latin Huernia cikakkiyar jinsi ce ta dangin Lastovnenvy, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin succulents.
An fara bayyana wakilin wannan jinsi a cikin 1810 mai binciken Afirka ta Kudu da Gabashin Afirka, masanin kimiyya da tsirrai, Robert Brown. Kuma jinsin ya sami sunan ne don girmama Justin Herius, wani mishan dan Dutch, wanda ya fara tattara tsire-tsire na Afirka ta Kudu. Saboda haka, ya kamata a kira tsiron "Hernia", amma wasu sunaye sun fara amfani da shi.
A cikin mahaifarta, don takamaiman bayyanarta da ƙamshinta, ana yiwa wannan fure laƙabi da harshen Iblis, Cadaveric flower, Voodoo Lily har ma da Macen Macijin.
Halin halittar Botanical
Huernia succulents ne na yau da kullun. Harbe-harbensu masu tushe ne na tushe, tsawon santimita 22-30. Masu tushe suna da yawa (daga bangarori huɗu zuwa bakwai), masu kauri, mara nauyi, suna da launin toka-ja ko hakora-kore.
Furannin Huernia suna da ƙwara biyar. Rakunan kwatankwacin na mazurai ne ko na ƙararrawa. Furen na iya samun launuka biyu na mattaka da launuka masu sheki, ko kuma suna da taguwar haske mai haske.
Guernia ta yi fure na dogon lokaci (daga bazara zuwa kaka).
Guernia tana rayuwa cikin yanayi a cikin hamada ko yankunan hamada. Homelandasar wannan asalin ita ce Afirka ta Kudu da Gabashin Afirka. Bayan 1810, an sami wakilai a yankin Larabawa.
A zamanin yau, Huernia sanannen nau'in tsire-tsire ne na gida.
Kamshi da bayyana
Juernia mai tushe tana da gargajiya don abubuwan da ke cikin gida. Suna da ƙarancin ƙarfi, na jiki, masu kauri kuma da alama suna da kyau, a kan wasu harbe-harben akwai kaifi masu kama da ƙayayuwa. Furannin suna yaduwa suna haske, launi da surar ya dogara da nau'in.
Hankali: Ellamshi alama ce ta musamman ta Huernia. Kuma keɓancewar ya ta'allaka ne da cewa mafi yawan wakilan wannan tsirrai suna da ƙanshin rubabben nama. Theanshin yana da rauni sosai kuma ana iya ji shi kawai idan aka kusanto shi da ƙarfi. Har ila yau, ƙanshin yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki.
Shin yana da sauki girma?
Guernia tana ɗaya daga cikin tsire-tsire masu banƙyama a cikin noman gida. Huernia ingantacciyar rayuwa ce mai nasara. Ba ya buƙatar ɗaki mai yawa don ci gaban lafiya kuma ana buƙatar kulawa kawai.
Huernia na buƙatar ɗoki, ƙananan tukunya tare da ramuka magudanan ruwa, succulent substrate, matsakaiciyar shayarwa da wadataccen hasken yamma ko na kudu.
Launuka iri-iri da hotunansu
Masana kimiyya sun kirga kimanin nau'ikan 44 na jinsin halittar Huernia, dukkansu suna da banbanci, takamaiman kuma basu da kama. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan za'a bayyana su a ƙasa.
Gemu - Barbata
Furen yana da kafa huɗu mai tushe 3-6 cm a tsayi da matakai kamar na kashin baya. Furannin suna rawaya mai haske ko launin ruwan kasa, ganye suna da jajayen launuka iri-iri. Ganyen Huernia mai gemu an rufe shi da fluff, wanda ya haifar da sunan wannan iri-iri.
Taguwar - Zebrina
Tushen wannan nau'ikan yana da fuskoki 4 zuwa 5, tsayinsu ya kai santimita 7, kuma faɗinsu ya kai santimita 3. Harbewa kore ne, tare da alamun marmara. Faɗin diamita na furannin kusan santimita 4 ne, a tsakiyar akwai zobe mai haske mai launi daidai launi. Fentin fentin an lankwasa su zuwa ga tukwici, launinsu rawaya ne-kore ko rawaya mai raɗaɗi raɗaɗɗiyar jan a kwance.
Mai gashi - Pillansii
Harbe-harben gashin Guernia masu gashi suna da fuskoki da yawa, tsayin santimita 3 da 2 a faɗi. An mai da hankali ga Rosette: karkace, tare da warts wanda ke ƙare da kyawawan gashi. Furannin masu kamannin ƙararrawa ne, petals suna da kusan santimita, tsirara, suna da launuka masu launin rawaya da papillae masu launin ja.
Manya-Manya - Macrocarpa
Harbe-harbe na wannan nau'ikan suna da gefuna 5 zuwa 7 da haƙoran kaifi akan su. Furen ya kai santimita biyu a diamita kuma yana da ɗigon ruwan kasa a samansa.
Rough - Aspera
A cikin wani nau'in tsire-tsire na cikin gida mara kyau, harbe-harbe suna ƙasa har zuwa santimita 6-8, suna yin reshe a tushe. Wasu karafan wannan fure suna da hakoran ruwan kasa wadanda ba su da matsala. An haɗu da furannin a cikin inflorescences 2-3, launinsu ja ne kuma yana da zurfin ruwan kasa a ciki.
Alheri - Concinna
Harbe-harben ya kai 5 cm a tsayi, yana da fuskoki biyar, dogayen hakora da haske mai launin toka-koren launuka masu launin ja. Inflorescences suna kusa da tushe na tushe, furanni 3-5 kowane. Yayi kyau sosai.
Kenya - Keniensis
Shuka ta samo asali ne daga wani ƙaramin yanki a ƙasar Kenya. Yana da tushe har tsawon santimita 30, tare da haƙarƙari biyar. Akwai ƙaya a kan harbe. Fushin ya haɗa da furanni masu launuka uku na velvety 3-5. Faɗin fure ɗin ya kai santimita uku, kuma tukwanen ɗan fentin suna da uku-uku.
Boleana - Boleana
Harbi yana girma har zuwa cm 10. Furen furanni rawaya ne, tare da wutar burgundy. Furannin Boleana suna da siffar atypical ga Huernia. Sepals suna girma da rabi zuwa wani bututu mai faɗi. Fentin kansa yana da siffar tauraruwa, kuma diamita ya kai cm biyu.
Barbed - Hystrix
Shuka kanta karami ce. Ya kai tsayi na santimita 12, amma faɗi har zuwa cm 30. Haske koren kore suna da haƙoran haƙora masu girma zuwa sama. Pedicel yana da tsawon santimita 7. Corollas an zagaye, kuma sepals sun tanƙwara baya kuma an haɗa su a ƙafafun kafa. Don haka, kuna samun wani abu kamar dunkulen dunƙulen da aka haɗe a bututu.
A saman furen akwai girma wanda yayi kama da gashin kai har tsawon milimita 5... Furen yana da launin burgundy da kodadde, tare da papillae da alama fatsi ne.
Rataya - Pendula
Tushen wannan nau'ikan na Guernia ya kai tsayin mita ɗaya da rabi, wanda ya ba da sunan shuka. Harbe a cikin siffar silinda tare da diamita na 9 cm. Masu tushe suna da santsi da zagaye. Furanni har zuwa 2 cm a diamita. Budwaron yana cikin siffar tauraruwa mai kaɗa-biyar, ja-burgundy ja, a cikin launi duhun burgundy ne.
Primrose - Primulina
Wakilan wannan nau'ikan ba su da girman, har zuwa tsawon santimita 8 kuma har zuwa 2 cm a kauri, pentahedral, tare da denticles. Manya na iya zuwa 30 cm a diamita. Furen yana da siffar kararrawa, mai nuna biyar, mai lankwasa a gefuna, rawaya. A ciki, furen na da jan launi har zuwa 3 cm a diamita.
Schneider - Schneideriana
Furen an san shi da "Red Dragon". Harbe-harbe suna da tsayi zuwa 10 cm, mai gefe 4-5, koren mai tsiro. Furen yana girma a gindin shukar. Yana da ja ko burgundy a launi, sepal na da siffar kararrawa, fentin yana cikin yanayin tauraruwa mai nuna biyar, lankwasa a karshen, tare da siraran sirara. A cikin furen akwai burgundy mai duhu.
Karya - Procumbens
Shuke-shuke yana da ƙarfi mai harbi da yawa, amma gefunan suna zagaye, tare da fitattun masu kamannin koda. Furen yana buɗewa lokacin da cikakke kuma ƙananan ƙyallenta guda biyar suka buɗe. A ciki akwai zobe na inuwar garuruwa har zuwa 2 cm a diamita... Pedafafun kafa ƙarami ne, har zuwa 8 cm.
Levy - Levyi
Tsirrai mai ban mamaki. Harbe-saƙenta ƙananan ne, har zuwa 6-7 cm tsayi, tetrahedral, tare da denticles. Unan kwalliyar yana tashi daga tushe. Furen ba ya budewa sosai, sepal na da siffar kararrawa, fentin yana da dogaye 4, kaifi da kuma gajere 5-6. Furen rawanin rawaya ne, amma an rufe duka tare da samfurin jan dige. A ciki, furen yana da duhu ja.
Licha - Leachei
Shoots dogaye ne, sirara, tare da ƙananan tsiro-tsire-tsire-tsire, kama da inabi. Pedicel gajere ne kuma siriri. Furen yana kama da tauraruwa mai kaifi biyar, rawaya mai launin ja mai launuka iri iri da papillae, kamar tari, a ciki. A gindin fure ja ne. Faɗuwar furanni har zuwa 2-2.5 cm.
Pickaxe - Kirkii
Harbe har zuwa 5 santimita, pentahedral. Furen yana girma a gindi. Sepal yana buɗewa a ƙarshen santimita 2, faɗin sa ya kai kimanin cm 1. Petal ɗin yana da matakai na sirara biyar, an shirya su azaman tauraruwa. Shi kansa cream ne a launi mai launin ja.
Shakka - Confusa
Harbe-harben suna da gefuna 4-5, kore-shuɗi, a gefunan akwai dogayen hakora tare da ƙaya... Sepal gilashi ne, rawaya ne, tilas ɗin farar fata farare ne, kaifi, tare da tsari a cikin jan ɗigon ja da ratsi.
Biyan kuɗi - Brevirostris
Wannan nau'ikan na Huernia yana da tsayi har zuwa cm 15. emsawannan suna da haƙarƙari 4, a kan jirgin kowane haƙarƙari akwai haƙori da yawa. Furen furannin rawaya ne ko kirim mai launi mai ƙyalli.
Kulawar gida
Huernia abu ne mai sauƙi mai sauƙi kuma mara ma'ana a cikin namo.
- Hasken wuta. Don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau, ana buƙatar sanya fure akan taga kudu ko gabas. Shuka yana buƙatar haske mai yawa da ɗan hasken rana kai tsaye.
- Zazzabi. Tsirrai na yanayi na rabin sahara, sabili da haka, yana buƙatar abun ciki mai ɗumi da zafin jiki na 22 zuwa 27 0С. Amma a lokacin sanyi, ya fi kyau a kiyaye Guernia a zafin jiki kusan 16 ° C.
- Wuri. Succulent karami ne, don haka ana iya samun sa a ko'ina, baya buƙatar sarari da yawa. Amma dole ne shafin ya kasance mai yawan haske. Haskoki na Kudu ko na Gabas kyawawa ne.
- Shayarwa. Shuke-shuke na jinsi Huernia masu jure fari ne. A cikin bazara da lokacin rani, yana buƙatar matsakaiciyar shayarwa. A lokacin kaka, ya kamata a yanke ruwa, kuma a lokacin hunturu, ba a cika ba da ruwa (kusan sau ɗaya a wata). Yawan danshi ba shi da kyau, amma Guernia tana haƙuri da fari sosai.
- Danshi mai iska. Guernia baya buƙatar feshi da ƙarin iska mai zafi. Rashin bushewar mutum karɓaɓɓe ne ga jinsi na Huernia.
- Top miya. Daga ƙarshen bazara zuwa Satumba, Guernia ta yi fure. Tsarin ƙasa na iya dacewa a wannan lokacin. Zaka iya amfani da takin zamani don cacti ba fiye da sau ɗaya a wata ba.
- Kasar gona. Fure yana buƙatar ƙarami amma mai faɗi da magudana mai kyau don yayi nasara cikin nasara. Ofasa na kusan abun da ke ciki: awa 1 na ƙasar sod, awa 1 na ƙasa mai ganye, awa 1 na tsakuwa mai kyau. Yawan acid ɗin ƙasa ya zama kusan 8, amma ba ƙari ba.
- Yankan Tunda harbe-harben Juernia takamaiman takamaiman ƙarami ne, basa buƙatar yankan itace. Ba za a iya yi ba yayin dasawa.
Sake haifuwa
Wasu lokuta maigidan Guernia yana fuskantar aikin samun sabbin kwafin shuka. Yawancin lokaci babu matsaloli game da wannan. Huernia na iya yaduwa ta seedsan tsaba.
Tsaba
Da farko, ana shuka tsaba a cikin tukwane daban, a cikin ƙasa mai yashi ko wani keɓaɓɓen matattara don masu ba da taimako.
Yaran matasa zasu iya tsiro cikin makonni 3-4... Soilasa za a iya jike shi a matsakaici. Ba'a buƙatar rufe kwantena tare da takarda ko gilashi.
Bayan an debo, ana shuka tsaba a cikin tukwane daban.
Yaduwa daga zuriyar Guernia bashi da wasu halaye na musamman. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi sauƙi don yaɗa tsire-tsire, kuma yawan ƙwayar iri a Guernia ya yi yawa.
Yankan
- Ana yanke cuttings daga manyan harbe-harbe.
- Yankin ya bushe sannan kuma an dasa shi a cikin kayan da aka shirya (yashi mara nauyi tare da kwakwalwan peat).
- A cuttings dauki tushe.
- Bayan rooting, ana dasa cutan a kananan tukwane (kimanin 7 cm). An bayyana ƙasa don shuka a sama.
Canja wurin
Ana ba da shawarar dasawa a kowace shekara a cikin bazara idan mai wadatarwa ya wuce tukunyar ta. Ana ba da shawarar dasawa a cikin tukunya mai faɗin 1-2 cm fiye da da.
tunani: lokacin dasawa, zaka iya yanke busasshen harbe ko yanke daban don yaduwa.
An dasa Guernia a cikin ƙasa mai maƙasudi ɗaya, inda ta girma a da. Dasawar Huernia ba ta da wasu siffofi na musamman.
Cututtuka da kwari
Babban barazanar Huernia shine mealybug. Wannan kwaro yana haifar da cutar da tsire. Kuna iya samun sa ta ganin farin shafi akan farfajiyar shuka.
Don magance wannan kwaro, samfuran ƙwararru waɗanda aka siyar a shagunan lambu zasu taimaka.
Hakanan, kar a manta da barazanar tushe da tushe, wanda zai iya faruwa akan shuka. Bayyanar ruɓaɓɓe shine ainihin ganewar asali na tsiron da ya ɓace.
Don hana ruɓewa, ya zama dole a kiyaye danshi ƙasa matsakaici. Bin dokokin shayarwa zai kiyaye wadatar ku daga wannan annoba. Kada ku mamaye tsire-tsire ko ku shayar da shi sau da yawa. Ba zai yi wani amfani ba.
Matsalolin abun ciki
- Haske mai duhu na iya bayyana a kan bishiyar dabbar gidan ku. Wannan sakamakon 'konewa' a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye. Amma, idan shukar ba ta da haske, zai zama kodadde. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar yin hankali game da yanayin hasken wuta.
- A lokacin furanni da lokutan girma, ya zama dole a ciyar da tsire-tsire da shayar da shi kadan fiye da yadda aka saba. Amma a cikin wannan, shima, ya zama dole a san ma'auni, saboda Huernia ba ta yarda da yawan ruwa ko wuce gona da iri ba. Rashin ruwa zai haifar da lalacewar tushen tsarin kai tsaye.
- Idan ba a saukar da yawan zafin jiki a lokacin sanyi ba, shukar zata yi girma sosai dan kadan fiye da yadda ta saba, amma ba zata yi fure ba
Kammalawa
Huernia fure ce mai ban mamaki, mai ban sha'awa, kyakkyawa kuma mai sauƙi. Wannan fitowar ta saba da matsanancin yanayin hamada, amma zata samu gindin zama a gida kuma. Kula da dukkan ka'idoji don kulawa da Guernia, zaku sami samfurin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki da na flora a cikin mallakarku da cikakkiyar zubar da ku. Amma ya kamata ku kiyaye tare da shi.