Hanyoyi biyu don yada pears mai ƙyama, fa'idodin su da rashin amfanin su, da kuma umarnin mataki-mataki don dasa cactus

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Matsakaicin girman ciwan pears shine Mexico, yankuna na Arewa da Kudancin Amurka, West Indies. Akwai nau'in pears na kwalliya waɗanda aka kawo su zuwa Bahar Rum, Ostiraliya, Indiya har ma da kudancin Rasha, inda suke jin daɗi sosai. Wasu nau'ikan wannan jigon dangin kakakus a cikin yanayi suna girma har zuwa 5 m tsayi. Opuntia tana da tushe mai laushi mai laushi, cike da ɗigon manya da ƙanana. Kactus ya yi fure tare da kyawawan furanni masu launin rawaya, lemo da ja. A cikin wannan labarin, zamu koya game da sifofin yaduwar pear mai laushi, nau'ikan yaduwa da kula da shuka bayan tsari.

Wani lokaci mafi kyau na shekara don yada cactus?

Saboda yanayin fitowar sa da kyawawan furanni, pear na kwalliya ya shahara sosai a cikin furannin gida. Samuwarsa ba shi da wahala sosai, amma yana da halaye irin nasa.

Lokaci mafi dacewa don kiwo a lokacin bazara da bazara.... Cuttings root yana iya sauƙaƙe daga Mayu zuwa Satumba, kuma an fi shuka tsaba a cikin Maris. Idan kun yada pear mai kwalliya a wannan lokacin, to matsaloli tare da kafewa ba su da yawa, tunda ƙananan shuke-shuke suna cike da kuzari.

Amma a lokacin hunturu, ƙirar saurayi na iya ba ta da tushe, tunda hunturu don cacti lokaci ne na hutu. Wannan ya kamata ayi idan kawai pear ɗin pear ɗin ta sami ceto, idan shukar ba ta da lafiya kuma tana iya mutuwa gaba ɗaya.

Kayan tukunya da girma

Don dasa shuki prickly pears komai irin tukunyar da aka yi da shi, kowane fure na fure zai yin Yakamata ya zama mai fadi da zurfi. Babban mahimmin abu shine kasancewar dole ramin magudanar ruwa a ƙasan tanki. Ramin na iya zama babba ɗaya (har zuwa 0.5 mm a diamita) ko ƙananan ƙananan da yawa.

Idan ana shirin sanya kaskon murtsunguwa a kan kayan daki kuma kwararar ruwa ba shi da kyau, to ya zama dole a samar da wani ruɓaɓɓen magudanar ruwa a ƙasan bututun fulawar. Girman tukunyar ya dogara da girman shukar. A cikin babban akwati, murtsunguwar zazzabin saiwoyi ya yi girma a hankali.

Abin da ke cikin ƙasa

Opuntia, kamar kowane cactus, ya fi son hatsi da sako-sako da ƙasa. Irin wannan ƙasar ana iya ƙirƙirar ta amfani da yashi, vermiculite, tsakuwa. Forasa don cacti ya kamata ya zama ruwa ne da iska kuma ba zai ƙunshi takin gargajiya ba (taki, tsutsar tsuntsaye, da sauransu), tunda nitrogen yana da tasiri ƙwarai da ci gaban waɗannan tsire-tsire.

Akwai dunkulen ƙasa iri-iri masu dacewa da kwalliyar kwalliya:

2 sassan ƙasar mai laka mai laushi ba tare da tsire-tsire da tushen ciyawa ba;
2 sassan ganyen humus (ba tare da tsalle-tsalle da tsalle-tsalle ba);
2 sassan m maras kyau kogin yashi;
Bangare 1, wanda ya kunshi adadin gawayi da tubalin da ya karye (an murƙushe shi ƙwarai kuma ba shi da turɓaya).

Don lita 3.5 na wannan cakuda, yana da amfani a ƙara karamin cokalin nikakken kwan ƙwai ko nikakken alli, da ɗan hannu mai kyau vermiculite da ƙaramin cokalin shanu.

Girma ta tsaba

Amfanin yaduwar iri shine shukar da aka shuka daga zuriya ta fi dacewa da ƙarfi... Kactus, wanda ya fito daga zuriyar, tun daga haihuwa yana dacewa da yanayin kewaye. Ba ya buƙatar wucewa ta hanyar dasawa, ya saba da sabon tsarin yanayi da kulawa.

Rashin dacewar wannan hanyar shine rashin gani na fitowar ganye a matakin farko. Speciesananan nau'ikan nau'in pear na kwalliya waɗanda ba su ba yara da harbewa kawai za a iya yaɗa su ta hanyar iri.

Yadda za a zabi da shirya tsaba?

'Ya'yan Opuntia suna da harsashi mai wuya, don haka, domin su sami damar yin toho, kafin su dasa, yakamata a nuna musu ɗayan zaɓi biyu:

aiwatar da harsashi mai wuya tare da sandpaper kuma cika ruwa da rana;
jiƙa tsaba don 'yan kwanaki.

Don yin kwayar tsaba kafin shuka, ya zama dole a sauke su a cikin rauni mai ƙarfi na manganese na mintina 15-20.

Umarni mataki-mataki

Lokacin yada tsaba pear tsaba, ya zama dole:

shirya akwati tare da diamita kusan 10 cm da tsawo na 3-7 cm tare da rami don magudanar ruwa;
cika akwatin tare da cakuda kasar da ba'asan ta (gawayi 1, gawayi 1 vermiculite da 2 sassan ganye humus), bai kai saman gefen tukunyar 20 mm ba;
shuka tsaba da aka shirya a ko'ina a saman, yayyafa da ƙasa mai laushi (5-10 mm);
yayyafa amfanin gona daga kwalbar feshi.

Don samun nasarar harbe-harben iri, ya zama dole a samar musu da yanayi mai kyau:

samar da haske mai yaduwa mai haske;
saka idanu danshi na kasa;
samar da tsarin zafin jiki wanda ya dace da wani nau'in pear mai tsini.

Mafi karancin lokacin tsirowa wata daya ne. Theimar tsirewar tsire-tsire mai laushi ya dogara da lokaci da yanayin ajiyar su. 'Ya'yan sabo suna kara girma sosai.

Hankali! Lokacin da kwayar ta yi girma, babban tushe na ɗan pear mai ƙwanƙwasa da farko yana da siffar silinda, kuma ya zama mai faɗi, a hankali yana ƙaruwa cikin diamita.

Muna ba da shawarar ka kalli bidiyo game da yaduwar tataccen pear daga tsaba:

Yankan

Yankan yana dauke da hanya mafi sauki don yaduwar pear... Koyaya, tare da ɗumbin yawa da saurin haifuwa da kakunkumi ta hanyar yankan, ƙwarin shukar yayi ƙasa da ƙasa.

Yadda za a zabi da shirya cuttings?

Lokacin yadawa ta hanyar yankan, yana da mahimmanci yaran da aka yanka don dasa su cikakke. Ana iya amfani da bangarorin ne kawai bayan ganyayyaki masu jujjuyawa daga tsaunuka sun faɗi gaba ɗaya.

Kuna buƙatar yanke yanke tare da ruwa mai laushi, kuma yayyafa wuraren da aka yanke na ɓangarorin biyu na tsire-tsire tare da gawayi mai ƙanshi ko foda.
Dole ne a busar da yankan a tsaye ta hanyar sanya shi a cikin gilashi.
Lokacin da aka tsaurara yanke, za a iya kafe aikin.

Umarni mataki-mataki

Bayan wurin yankewar yankan ya bushe, ana iya kafe shita hanyar yin haka:

shirya kofuna waɗanda za a iya amfani da su tare da ramuka waɗanda aka riga aka yi a ƙasa;
cika kofuna da kasar tukunya, kamar na shuka mai girma;
zurfafa ƙwanƙarar a cikin ƙwayar ta 2-3 cm.

Sharuɗɗan tushen cuttings iri ɗaya ne da na shuka mai girma, amma ba tare da ciyarwa ba. Bayan makonni 3-4, asalin farko ya kamata ya bayyana.

Mahimmanci! Ungiyar za ta fi dacewa idan ka yanke wanda ya girma kusa da saman murtsunguwar murtsunguwa.

Muna ba da shawarar ka kalli bidiyo game da dasawa da kuma tushen kwalliyar pears:

Za a iya dasa ni a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa?

Ana iya dasa Opuntia a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, amma yankunan kudanci na Rasha, Kirimiya ko Caucasus, inda lokacin sanyi ke da sauƙin yanayi, sun fi dacewa da wannan.

Wurin da ya dace don dasa shukakkun pears a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa zai zama wuri mai haske da iska mai iska. Nunin faifai mai tsayi, babban ɓangarensa, na iya zama irin wannan wurin. Don murtsatse, ya kamata ya zama dumi a lokacin rani kuma ya bushe a lokacin sanyi. Hakanan ana buƙatar malalewa.

Soilasa don ɓarke pear da aka dasa a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ya zama mai sauƙi, sako-sako da, yashi, tare da kyakkyawan tsakuwa da kuma faɗaɗa yumɓu. Don hana murtsun daji ya ruɓe yayin shayarwa, ya kamata a yayyafa tushen abin wuya da tsakuwa mai kyau. A lokacin bazara, pear mai ƙyalƙyali zai yi girma da ƙarfi.

Akwai hunturu-hardy flowering nau'in prickly pear:

polycant;
Darwin;
pheokanta;
fragilis;
gingerbread.

Shuka kulawa bayan dasa shuki

Shayarwa da ciyarwa

A lokacin bazara, dole ne a shayar da murtsatsi a kai a kai, duk da cewa ganyenta suna tara ruwa mai yawa. Idan babu wadatar danshi, shukar zata fara narkar. A ƙarshen lokacin rani, ya kamata a rage adadin shayarwa don dakatar da haɓakar shukar da kuma shirya ta don hunturu. Dole ne a yi amfani da takin mai magani mai narkewa na cacti sau biyu a wata. A lokacin kaka, baku buƙatar takin pear mai tsini, don kar kuyi girmanta kafin lokacin sanyi.

Wintering

Bayan yanke shawarar barin pear ɗin kwalliya zuwa hunturu akan titi, dole ne a rufe shi da allurai da itacen da ya mutu. Kada ku firgita idan tsire-tsire ya lalace a lokacin hunturu, tunda zai rayu tare da farkon ranaku masu dumi.

Mahimmanci! Kuma yanayin yanayin lokacin hunturu na Spartan zai amfanar da pears mai ƙyalƙyali - toho zai bayyana akan dattako, wanda zai zama furanni kyawawa.

Me yasa bata da tushe?

Idan pear mai kwalliya ba ta da tushe sosai, to dalilai na iya zama daban:

rashin haske;
rashin danshi a lokacin rani;
waterlogging na kasar gona a cikin hunturu;
rashin abinci mai gina jiki yayin lokacin ci gaban aiki;
hypothermia;
lalacewa ta hanyar kwari ko kara ruɓewa

Tare da kulawa mai kyau, tsire-tsire suna tushen sauƙi, yana ƙaruwa cikin girma da furanni.

Kasancewa da gogewa a cikin windowsill, zaka iya ƙoƙarin yin wannan kakkarfan murtsattsen a cikin lambun. Tare da siffar da ba ta dace ba da kyawawan furanni, shukar za ta yi ado a kowane shafi, tare da ƙara nau'ikan abubuwa da baƙinciki ga yanayin da aka saba.

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