Giant, Karkace, Kanada da sauran kayan abinci na cacti. Bayani kan nau'ikan da ka'idojin kulawa
Cereus (Cereus) - wakilin dangin kakakus, wanda aka fassara daga Latin yana nufin "kyandiran kakin zuma". A cikin yanayi, akwai nau'ikan 2500-3000 na hatsin hatsi. Duk tsire-tsire suna da kamanceceniya - mai laushi, mai tushe na jiki da ƙaya.
Wasu daga waɗannan shuke-shuke masu ban sha'awa suna taimakawa ƙirƙirar ofishi na musamman da ƙanshin gida, suna kaiwa daga ɗaya zuwa mita da yawa a tsayi a cikin yanayin tukunya. Kasancewar kyakkyawan akwati, gami da tunanin mai girmar, wanda aka ninka shi ta nau'ikan halittu masu yawa, kuma za a canza ɗakin.
Shahararrun iri da nau'ikan cacti da hotunansu
Ka yi la'akari da irin shahararrun tsire-tsire masu wanzuwa. A hoto zaku iya ganin yadda cacti yake.
Giant
Giant Cereus (Carnegia gigantea) - haƙiƙanin gwarzo daga cikin cactus iyali, ya zama wani ɓangare na tarihin silima a matsayin shahararren "cactus na yamma" wanda aka fito dashi a yawancin fina-finan Yammacin Turai. A Arizona, babban cacti ya samar da dukkanin dazuzzuka kuma a hukumance an san shi a matsayin alamar jihar ta wannan yankin. Bayyanar su tana da ban sha'awa da ban mamaki cewa Saguaro National Park an sadaukar dasu.
Bakandamiya tana girma har zuwa 20 m, tsayi take kamar itace. Shafin rukuni ne, tushe da rassa dogaye ne kuma sirara, kamar ginshiƙai. Gashin haƙarƙarin (akwati) ya ƙunshi haƙarƙarin 10-24 kuma zai iya kai wa cm 75 a diamita. Tsawon ƙayoyin ya kai 7 cm Kactus ya fara fure, ya kai shekaru 30-35 kuma tsayinsa ya kusan 2.0 m.
Furewar dare yana faruwa a cikin Mayu-Yuni. Furanni - babba, guda, fari, lemu, rawaya, kore ko purple-ja... Rassan farko, waɗanda ke girma a ɓangarorin tushe, suna bayyana ne kawai bayan sun kai tsayin 4-5 m da shekaru 50-70.
Magana! Tsarin tushen yana da karfi a cikin babbar kwayar, saiwar sun shiga cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin kusan mita 1.5. Wannan nau'in yana da tsayayyar yanayin zafi da ƙarancin gaske. 'Ya'yan itacen suna cin abinci.
Karkace
Karkace (Cereus brasile) wani nau'i ne mai mahimmanci na cactus na columnar tare da ƙwayar jiki da haɓaka mai karkace, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna. Harbe na iya zama na zobe, embossed ko lebur. Yawancin gajeren ƙaya masu ƙwanƙwasa har zuwa 2-3 cm an ƙirƙira a kan harbewan .. Yawan furanni, a lokacin rani. Furannin suna da kyau da girma, fari-ruwan hoda.
'Yar Kanada
Cereus canadensis (Cereus canadensis) dogo ne, mai kama da murtsattsen ɗan itaciya zuwa yammacin Amurka tare da haƙarƙari mai launin toka-kore. Spines suna da launi mai launi-ja-kasa-kasa. An san shi da manyan furanni, galibi kamshi, fararen furannin dare. Ofayan ɗayan mafi girma a cikin dangin kakakus. Sau da yawa ana girma a cikin ɗakunan ruwa da na cikin gida, ana amfani da nau'in a raye cikin ƙirar shimfidar wuri.
Azure
Azureus azureus (Cereus azureus) - murtsunguwar ya samu sunanta ne saboda launin shuɗi ko shuɗi mai launin kore... Gangar tana da ƙarfi, shafi ne kuma yana da rassa mai ƙarfi. Furannin farare ne, kofaffen ko na wani irin ruwa mai tsayi mai ban sha'awa, har zuwa 25 cm, maraice, yana fitar da kamshi mai daɗi. 'Ya'yan itacen ja ne ko rawaya, yawanci abin ci ne, kuma' ya'yan baƙi ne. Wannan nau'ikan jinsin ya shahara musamman tsakanin masu lambu.
Peruvian
Cereus na Peruvian (Cereus peruvianus) - wannan tsire-tsire yana ba da mamaki tare da manyan furanni masu fararen dusar ƙanƙara masu ƙanshi da 'ya'yan itace masu ɗanɗano. Hakanan ana kiran 'ya'yan itacen Cereus apples apples or apples of the desert. 'Ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itace masu 'ya'yan itace suna da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano "murtsunguwa" da ƙanshi.
Ruwan murtsuniya na rage yawan sukarin jini da na cholesterol, yana taimakawa masu cutar sikari, hauhawar jini, asma da kuma tari, wanda yasa shi amfani ga magunguna. M, kyakkyawa, wannan nau'in ya dace da noman cikin gida. Dangane da ƙananan girmansa, Cereus na Peruvian ya zama mai shuke-shuke da shahararrun shuke-shuke.
Mai karfi
Cereus mai ƙarfi (Cereus validus) shrub ne ko nau'in bishiyoyi har zuwa tsayin mita 2 kuma yana da alaƙar Argentina, Bolivia da Paraguay. Ana rarraba Validus a wurare daban-daban: a cikin filayen busassun, gandun daji, tuddai da yankuna masu saline.
Ya kai tsayi kusan mita 2 (wani lokacin ma 7 m ko fiye). Ya banbanta a madaidaiciyar tushe tare da reshen harbe-harben silinda launin shudi mai launin shuɗi ko koren launi mai haske kuma ɗauke da doguwar goguwa. Farfajiyar kara ta haƙarƙari, akwai haƙoran fadi guda 7 (8).
Yawan succulent harbe a gefe guda 5-8 ne, kauri 5 zuwa 10 cm (har zuwa 13 cm a gindi) na zaitun mai haske ko launin toka-kore. Areoles kanana ne, zagaye ne, kadan sun balaga. Shots spines suna da rawaya-launin toka, madaidaiciya, masu tauri, har zuwa tsawon 2 cm.
Yawancin lokaci akwai ƙananan spines na tsakiya, sun fi tsayi kuma suna da launi mai duhu mai duhu. A lokacin bazara zuwa farkon bazara, yana samar da furanni guda ɗaya, babba, mai siffar mazurari, fari ko fari-fatsi a ciki da kuma ja akan gefen waje, tsayin 16.5-20 cm da 8-12 cm a faɗi.
Maimaitawa
Cereus repandus babban katako ne, madaidaiciya, murtsun mahaifa tare da madaidaiciyar launin toka-kore da shuɗi mai tushe, har zuwa tsayi 10 m kuma zuwa 20 a diamita. Furen dare har tsawon cm 15 ya kasance a buɗe don dare ɗaya kawai. 'Ya'yan itacen, wanda aka fi sani da apple na Peruvian, ba shi da ƙaho, purple-ja zuwa rawaya, kuma har zuwa 5 cm a diamita. A cewar mafi yawan kafofin, Cereus repandus yana ɗaya daga cikin sunaye na kayan abinci na Peruvian, wanda ya samo asali ne saboda halaye masu kama da juna iri-iri na shuke-shuke.
Yamakaru
Cereus jamacaru ana samun shi a arewa maso gabashin Brazil, West Indies, da kuma wasu manyan tsibirai. Wannan cactus din ya bazu fiye da yadda yake, a duk yankuna masu yanayi daga bakin teku zuwa hamada, yana girma a cikin kasa mai duwatsu da yashi, da kuma kan duwatsu, kuma ya zama tsirrai mai cin zali.
Yana da kama da busassun bishiya wanda ya kai tsayin mita 12. Kullun ginshiƙi ne, mai jujjuya, tare da ƙasa mai haƙarƙari - yana da haƙarƙari guda 6 masu launin toka-kore. Yawancin rassa tare da ƙayayuwa masu sarƙaƙƙiya an gina su sama, suna yin ƙaramin ƙarami. Spines masu launin rawaya mai haske, ja-kasa-kasa a gindi, tsayin 1.5 zuwa 20 cm.
Furen suna da girma da fari tare da ƙanshin kamshi, har zuwa santimita 20-25 a diamita... Suna furewa a magriba kuma suna bushewa da safe, suna dare ne kawai da dare. 'Ya'yan itacen suna da launi mai launi mai ɗanɗano. Naman thea isan itacen farare ne mai ci tare da ƙananan seedsa seedsan baƙar fata.
Uruguayyan
Cereus uruguayanus (Cereus uruguayanus) wani yanki ne na yanayin ƙasa da sifofin halittu masu yaɗuwa, wanda kawai aka samo shi a cikin Uruguay. Wannan katako mai kama da itaciya, wanda yake girma kamar candelabrum mai rassa mai yawa, mai tsawon 5-15, kusan diamita 1.5. Gangar tana da haƙarƙari 4-5-6-8, galibi suna da manyan raƙuman rawaya a ɓangarorin, an rufe su da wani kakin bluish tint.
Spines kamar allura ne, rawaya mai launin ruwan kasa ko ruwan kasa, tsawon su zuwa 2 cmkafa cikin ƙungiyoyi Yankunan da ke saman shukar sau da yawa suna da ƙaya, tsayi da girma. Furen babba ne, mara rana, mai tsayi, mai kamannin mazurari, tsawonsa daga 20 zuwa 30 cm har zuwa 15 cm a diamita.
Yankuna na gefen farfajiya suna da launin ruwan kasa ja, ɓangarorin ciki farare ne, faɗi ne kuma mara kyau. Thewanan suna girma da sauri, suna ɓarkewa daga rassan kamar ƙananan macizai. A tsawon makonni biyu, furanni da dama suna buɗewa, koyaushe da dare da kusan lokaci guda.
Zuwa tsakiyar gobe, duk furannin suna rufewa kuma suna son su, wanda ya zama wata dabarar kiyayewa ce ta ruwa. Furannin suna bin fruitsa fruitsan cca suan itace sizea ofan itace ƙwanƙolin ƙwai mai ɗauke da kyawawan fararen nama mai laushi tare da seedsa blackan baƙar fata.
Serpentinus
Cereus serpentinus (Cereus serpentinus) - mai saurin girma siririn shrub columnar cactiwanda galibi ke girma cikin rukuni. Kullun shine maciji, mai duhu, mai jujjuyawa, mai tsawon mita 3-6, diamita 2.5-5. A kan kara, akwai kashin hakarkarin marasa kyau 10-17, areoles farare ne kuma sun fara balaga.
Nsaya mai kama da allura - daga 9 zuwa 14 fari-mai ja. Spananan spines, tare da duhu tukwici, tsawon 10-30 mm. Shuke-shuke da suka girma tare da manyan furanni masu siffar mazurari. Suna da fari tare da ɓangarorin waje masu launin ruwan hoda, tsayin 15 zuwa 20 cm (15 cm a faɗi), suna da ƙamshi sosai.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari 4-6 cm tsayi, tsattsauran ra'ayi, ja, mai ci, abin ɗaci... Lokacin da fruita fruitan itacen suka nuna, theayayuwa ke tashi. A cikin Meziko, yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan da ake shukawa saboda kyawawan fararen furannin da suke buɗewa da dare.
Dokokin kulawa da shuka
Janar kulawa
Cereus ba shi da kyau, saboda haka yana da sauƙin kiyayewa a gida. Wannan al'ada ce mai son haske wacce ke buƙatar haske mai yawa, yana son hasken rana kuma yana jure yanayin bazara da kyau. A lokacin hunturu, yana da mahimmanci don samar da tsire-tsire da cikakken lokacin bacci a ƙarƙashin haske mai haske kuma a ƙarancin zafin jiki da bai wuce 15 ° C. Ana aiwatar da ruwa ba safai ba, yana ƙara ƙarfi a lokacin rani. A watannin bazara, ana iya yin fesa wasu lokuta don tara isasshen ruwa a cikin kyallen takarda ba tare da wuce gona da iri ba.
- Zazzabi... Shuka na jure yanayin (+ 25 ° C da ƙari) da ƙarancin (+ 8 ° C) da kyau. Lokaci-lokaci kana buƙatar shigar da iska a cikin daki, ba lallai ba ne don fitar da tsire-tsire. A lokacin hunturu, ana bada shawarar a sanyaya shi a yanayin zafi daga + 15 zuwa + 18 ° C.
- Shayarwa... Daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba, ana buƙatar yawan shayar shuka na yau da kullun. A cikin hunturu, bai kamata a shayar da shuka ba, saboda wannan na iya haifar da ruɓewar tushen tsarin. An ba da izinin shayarwa a cikin hunturu fiye da sau 1 a cikin watanni 1.5 tare da ƙaramin ruwan dumi.
- Zafi... A lokacin bazara, ana iya fesa hatsi da ruwan da aka zazzage, a cikin zafin ɗaki ko kawo shi zuwa 40-50 ° C. Zai fi kyau a yi feshi da safe, lokacin da hasken rana bai isa sosai ba.
- Kasar gona... Duk soyayyar cacti suna son ƙasa mai ratsa jiki tare da haɗuwa da farar ƙasa, tsakuwa, gawayi. Ya kamata kasan ƙasa ya ƙunshi ɓangarori 2 na turf, ɓangarorin 2 na ƙasa mai laushi, ɓangaren yumbu 1 da ɓangare 1 na rairayin yashi. A ƙasan tukunyar, ƙirƙirar magudanan ruwa na shards da ƙananan pebbles.
Taki... Don ci gaban al'ada da ci gaban Cereus, ana buƙatar ciyarwar yau da kullun, wanda aka gudanar daga watan Afrilu zuwa Yuli. Takaddun takaddun ruwa na aiki da kyau don wannan (yi amfani da allurai da aka nuna akan kunshin). Idan kasar ta kasance mai gina jiki, ya isa takin kasar sau daya a shekara.
- Lokacin bacci... Yana da matukar mahimmanci a samar da shuka da lokacin bacci a cikin hunturu, dakatar da kulawa gaba ɗaya: ba da ruwa da takin zamani. Sanya hatsi a wuri mai sanyi, mai haske, kuma cikin aminci "manta" dashi kafin lokacin bazara.
- Canja wurin... Buƙatar dasawa ta taso idan tsiron ya rasa kyakkyawar surarsa, kwalliya da launi, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, bayan shekaru da yawa na girma a cikin wannan matattarar.
Magana! Zai fi kyau a sake dasa shuke-shuke a lokacin tsawon girma a cikin Mayu-Yuni ko Agusta-Satumba.
Cereus ba shi da kyau. Domin cacti ya girma gaba ɗaya, ya bunkasa kuma ya yi fure, suna buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi kwatankwacin mazaunin ƙasa: ƙarancin yanayin zafi a lokacin hunturu, da girma a bazara da bazara. Wannan bashi da wahalar yi. Godiya ga saukakkiyar kulawarsa, kyakkyawan rigakafi daga kwari da kyan gani, furen zai zama ƙawancen cancanci gidanku ko ofis.
Muna ba da shawarar ka kalli bidiyo game da Cereus cacti: