Sagrada Familia a Barcelona ita ce babbar ƙwaƙwalwar Antoni Gaudi

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Sagrada Familia, wanda yake a yankin yawon bude ido na Eixample, yana daya daga cikin manyan wuraren tarihi a Barcelona kuma daya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan gine-gine na tsawon lokaci a duniya. Factorarshen ƙarshen ya sami sauƙaƙe ta mahimman abubuwa biyu a lokaci ɗaya.

Da fari dai, duk aikin dole ne a aiwatar shi kawai tare da gudummawa. Abu na biyu kuma, ginshiƙan duwatsun da ke tushen wannan tsari suna buƙatar aiki mai rikitarwa da daidaitaccen mutum na girman, wanda kuma yana haifar da wasu matsaloli. Duk abin da ya kasance, amma a yau wannan gidan ibada yana ɗayan abubuwan da aka fi ziyarta a zamaninmu. Dangane da bayanan da aka buga a El Periódico de Catalunya, yawan baƙinta na shekara-shekara ya wuce miliyan 2. A cikin 2005, babban cocin an lasafta shi a matsayin Cibiyar Duniya ta UNESCO, kuma a cikin 2010 an tsarkake shi ta Paparoma Benedict XVI kuma a hukumance ya bayyana cocin birni mai aiki.

Tunanin tarihi

Tunanin Sagrada Familia a Barcelona na José Maria Bocabella ne, wani ɗan tallan littattafai mai sauƙi wanda babban cocin Vatican na St. Peter ya zuga shi har ya yanke shawarar gina wani abu makamancin haka a garinsu. Gaskiya ne, dole ne a jinkirta aiwatar da wannan ra'ayin har na tsawon shekaru 10 - wannan shine tsawon lokacin da mai siyar da littattafan hannu ya tara kuɗin da ake buƙata don siyan ƙasar.

Ginin haikalin ya fara a cikin 1882. A wancan lokacin, Francisco del Villar ne ya jagoranta, wanda ke da niyyar ƙirƙirar wani katafaren tsari, wanda aka yi shi da salon Gothic na canonical kuma a cikin hanyar gicciye ta Orthodox. Koyaya, aikin wannan maigidan bai dade ba - shekara guda daga baya ya yi murabus, ya ba da sandar ga mashahurin Antonio Gaudi, wanda wannan haikalin ya zama aikinsa na rayuwa. Sun ce maigidan ba wai kawai ya tsaya a daidai wurin ginin ba ne, har ma ya kan bi tituna don karbar sadaka.

Ganin mashahurin mai zane ya banbanta da ainihin aikin da Bocabelle ya kirkira. La'akari da Gothic wani tsohon shugabanci ne kuma mai ban sha'awa, yayi amfani da abubuwan asali kawai na wannan salon, yana haɓaka su da fasalin Art Nouveau, Baroque da Easternasashen Gabas. Abin sha'awa, sanannen mai zanen gidan ya kasance mutum ne mai tsari sosai - ba wai kawai baya son yin tunani akan komai ba tukuna, amma kuma ya kirkiro zane-zane daidai lokacin aikin. A wasu lokuta, wannan jerin ra'ayoyin marasa iyaka sun haifar da gaskiyar cewa ma'aikata dole ne su gyara wani abu koyaushe, ko ma su sake gyara sassan kowane yanki na Sagrada de Familia.

Ganin wannan babban aikin, maigidan ya fahimci sarai cewa ba zai sami lokacin kammala shi ba yayin rayuwarsa. Kuma haka ya faru - a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa kai tsaye, ɗayan fuskoki uku ne kawai aka gina (facade na haihuwar Kristi). Abin takaici, a cikin 1926, babban mai ginin ya mutu a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun motar tarawa, ba tare da barin zane-zane da aka shirya ba ko kuma takamaiman umarni ba. Abinda kawai muka samu shine 'yan zane-zane da' yan shimfidu marasa tsari. Constructionarin gine-ginen Sagrada Familia ya kasance jagorantar ɗaukacin ƙarni na ƙwararrun masanan gini, ɗayansu Domenech Sugranesu, ɗalibi kuma abokin haɗin Gaudí. Dukansu sunyi amfani da zane-zane mai girma na babban maigidan, yana haɓaka su da ra'ayoyinsu game da babban cocin.

Gine-gine

Idan aka kalli hoton babban cocin Sagrada Familia da ke Barcelona, za a ga cewa ya kunshi fuskoki 3, kowannensu yana nuna wani lokaci na rayuwar Almasihu, da kuma wasu hasumiyoyin kararrawa, wadanda aka kirkira ta amfani da fasaha ta musamman.

Fuskar haihuwar Almasihu

Façade na Catalan Art Nouveau yana gefen arewacin haikalin (wanda ke fuskantar filin). Ba lallai ne ku nemi dogon lokaci ba - akwai babbar hanyar shiga. Babban adon wannan bangon shine siffofin zane-zane na kyawawan halaye uku na Krista (bege, bangaskiya da jinƙai) da hasumiya hasumiya huɗu da aka keɓe ga manzannin Littafi Mai-Tsarki (Barnaba, Yahuza, Saminu da Matta). Fuskokin gabaɗaya an rufe su da fasalin dutse mai banƙyama wanda aka san shi da sanannun abubuwan bishara (baƙon Maryamu, haihuwar Yesu, bautar Magi, bishara, da sauransu). Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, a kan ginshikan da ke raba katangar zuwa sassa 3, za ka ga hotunan mashahuran sarakunan Sifen wadanda suka ba da babbar gudummawa ga ci gaban kasar, da kuma asalin Almasihu da aka sassaka a dutse.

Fuskar Sha'awa

Bangon, wanda ke gefen kudu maso yamma na haikalin, ba shi da ƙarancin sha'awar yawon buɗe ido. Babban adadi na wannan ɓangaren, wanda aka lullubeshi da kayan masarufi na polygonal, shine siffar Masihu da aka gicciye akan gicciye. Hakanan akwai dandalin sihiri, adadin lambobinsu a cikin kowane ɗayan abubuwan da ke iya haɗuwa ya ba da lambar 33 (shekarun mutuwar Yesu).

Dangane da ra'ayin masu kirkira, fuskokin Sha'awa, keɓance manyan zunuban mutane, ya kamata ya haifar da jin tsoro a cikin mahaliccin. Abinda ake kira Chiaroscuro sakamako, wanda ya haɗa da amfani da sabon abu na zamani na haske da inuwa, yana taimakawa haɓaka shi. Bugu da kari, a jikin bangon ne zaka iya ganin al'amuran da suke ruruta lamarin Idin Lastarshe, Kiss na Yahuza da sauran shahararrun mashahuran duniya. Sauran hotunan an sadaukar dasu ne don abubuwan da suka shafi mutuwa, binnewa da tashin thean Allah. Babbar mashigar wannan bangare na ginin an yi masa alama da kofa ta tagulla, a kan zane-zanen da aka sanya rubutu daga Sabon Alkawari.

Fuskokin ɗaukaka

Bangon ɗaukaka, wanda ke gefen kudu maso gabas na ginin kuma aka sadaukar da shi ga rayuwar Almasihu a Sama, shine farkon abin da ya shafi Sagrada Familia na Barcelona. Wannan facade ita ce mafi girma, don haka a nan gaba babbar hanyar shiga coci za a motsa ta nan. Gaskiya ne, saboda wannan, ma'aikata suna buƙatar gina gada tare da matattakalar bene waɗanda ke haɗa haikalin da titin Carrer de Mallorca. Kuma komai zai yi kyau, kawai a wurin da za'a yi gini mai zuwa akwai rukunin gidaje, waɗanda mazaunan su ke adawa da duk wani sake matsuguni.

A halin yanzu, ƙananan hukumomi suna ƙoƙari ta kowace hanya don magance matsalar tare da mutanen gari, magina suna ci gaba da kafa ɗakuna mai faɗi bakwai, suna ɗauka alama ce ta kyaututtukan Ruhu Mai Tsarki, da kuma hasumiyar hasumiya masu ƙararrawa da aka keɓe ga manzannin 4 na littafi mai tsarki. Za a yi wa ɓangaren sama na ginin ado da zane-zanen zane-zanen Triniti da Tsohon Alkawari waɗanda ke ba da labarin Halittar duniya. A ƙasan su, zaku iya ganin hotuna masu ban tsoro na worarƙashin andasa da mutane na yau da kullun suna aikin adalci.

Hasumiya

Dangane da aikin farko da Gaudí ya inganta, za a yiwa Sagrada Familia kambi da hasumiya mai kararrawa 18, ba kamantawa da bayyanar kawai ba, har ma da girman. Manyan sune hasumiyar Yesu Almasihu, wanda tsayinsa zaikai akalla 172 cm, da kuma hasumiyar Budurwa Maryamu, wacce take da matsayi na biyu mai daraja. An yi amannar cewa bayan kammala ginin waɗannan hasumiyar ƙararrawa, Cathedral ɗin na Barcelona zai zama mafi girman tsarin Orthodox a doron duniya. Zuwa yau, abubuwa 8 ne aka ba da izini, amma sikelin wannan haikalin ya riga ya mamaye tunanin masu ginin.

Amma abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne cewa an tsara zane na dukkan hasumiya bisa ƙa'idar jalousie. Irin wannan na'urar ba wai kawai tana da kyau ba, amma kuma tana aiki ne kawai - saboda yawan ratayoyi, kararrawar kararrawar coci tana ɗaukar sauti daban. Bugu da kari, a kowace iska mai busawa, wadannan hasumiyoyin zasu fitar da wasu sautuka, suna haifar da kyakkyawar tasirin acoustic.

Cikin gida

Aiki kan aikin babban coci, maginan sun yi ƙoƙari don samun cikakken haɗin kai da yanayi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa cikin cikin Sagrada Familia yayi kama da gandun almara wanda aka yiwa wanka da hasken rana fiye da cocin gargajiya. Cocin bashi wannan sakamako ga abubuwa da yawa na ado lokaci guda. Bari muyi la'akari da kowannensu.

Ginshikan

Dogayen ginshiƙai masu rarraba harabar haikalin zuwa raƙuman ruwa guda 5 suna kama da manyan bishiyoyi ko kuma manyan furannin sunflower, suna hanzarin zuwa sama. Godiya ga musamman kayan aiki masu ƙarfi (ƙarfafa kankare, jan kayan kwalliya da basalt), a sauƙaƙe suna tallafawa ba kawai ɗakunan ajiya na coci ba, har ma da hasumiyai da ke kan ta. Kari akan haka, ginshikan ciki na babban cocin suna canza fasalin su koyaushe: da farko fili ne na yau da kullun, sannan octagon, kuma a karshen yana da da'ira.

Kabarin Gaudi (crypt)

Duba hoto na Sagrada Familia a ciki, kula da majami'ar cocin, wanda ke cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren ginin kuma wanda ya zama kabari ga Antoni Gaudí kansa. Ana yin ƙofar zuwa gare shi ba kawai ta matakala ba, har ma da lif. A waje akwai wata mafita ta dabam, don haka zaka iya barin ziyarar a cikin ƙarshen ƙarshen yawon shakatawa.

Matakalar karkace

Tsarin tsaka-tsakin da aka yi amfani da shi don hawa ɗakunan kallo shine karkataccen karkataccen karkace wanda yake da ban mamaki. Sun ce mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan zuciya, da kuma tsoron tsawo da keɓaɓɓun wurare, kada su yi amfani da shi - yana iya zama mara kyau.

Gilashin tabarau

Filaye masu gilashi masu kyaun gilashi waɗanda ke ba da haske na ban mamaki da zanen ciki na babban cocin a launuka daban-daban ba su da daɗi. Cikakken tsarin launi na Sagrada Familia, wanda ke alamta lokutan 4, ana ɗauka shi yanki ne na fasaha daban. Masana sun ce godiya ce a gare shi cewa yin amfani da tabarau gilashi ya fara haɓaka azaman daban-daban shugabanci na ado.

Bayani mai amfani

Babban cocin Sagrada Familia a Barcelona, wanda ke Carrer de Mallorca, 401, yana aiki ne bisa tsarin jadawalin yanayi:

Nuwamba - Fabrairu: 9 na safe zuwa 6 na yamma;
Maris da Oktoba: 9 na safe zuwa 7 na yamma;
Afrilu - Satumba: 9 na safe zuwa 8 na yamma;
Hutu (25.12, 26.12.01.01 da 06.01): daga 9 na safe zuwa 2 na yamma.

Kudin ziyarar ya dogara da nau'in tikiti:

Tikiti tare da jagorar sauti na harshen Rasha - 25 €;
Hadaddiyar tikiti (Cathedral + Audioguide + Towers) - 32 €;
Tikiti + yawon shakatawa na sana'a - 46 €.

Entranceofar zuwa crypt kyauta ne. Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a kan shafin yanar gizon gidan hadaddun - https://sagradafamilia.org/

Dokokin Ziyara

Sagrada Familia ta Antoni Gaudí tana da ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a waɗanda suka shafi mazauna gari da yawon buɗe ido:

Don ziyartar ɗayan manyan gine-ginen gine-ginen Barcelona, ya kamata ku zaɓi sauƙi kuma a matsayin rufaffiyar tufafi: babu yadudduka masu bayyanannu da ƙyallen wuya, tsawon ya kai tsakiyar cinya. An yarda da hular kawai don dalilai na addini da na likita, amma dole ne a rufe ƙafafu.
Saboda dalilan tsaro, akwai katangar karfe mai gano bakin karfe a kofar babban cocin, ana bayar da duba jakunkuna, jakankuna da jakunkuna.
A yankin Sagrada Familia, an hana shan sigari da shan giya.
An kuma haramta kawo abinci da ruwa a nan.
Ana ba da izinin ɗaukar hoto da bidiyo kawai a wayar hannu, kyamara mai son ko kyamara ta yau da kullun. Ba a ba da izinin amfani da kayan aiki na ƙwararru ba.
Yayinda kake cikin coci, yi ƙoƙari ka kasance mai nutsuwa da girmamawa.

Nemo Farashin kuɗi ko ajiyar kowane masauki ta amfani da wannan fom

Amfani masu Amfani

Yayin da kuke shirin ziyartar Sagrada Familia, ku bi waɗannan nasihun masu amfani:

Kada ku rage kuɗi don sabis na jagorar ƙwararru ko jagorar mai jiwuwa - zaku koyi abubuwa da yawa masu ban sha'awa. Ari da, koyaushe kuna iya ɗaukar belun kunne tare da ku kuma yi amfani da na'ura ɗaya don biyu. Af, jagorar mai ji da sauti mai amfani da Ingilishi tana da ɗan ragi kaɗan, don haka idan kuna da ƙwarewa cikin wannan yaren, kuna iya tsayawa akansa.
Ya kamata ku sayi tikiti zuwa haikalin a gaba. Idan ranar da lokacin ziyararka suna da mahimmanci a gare ka, to aƙalla kwanaki 5-7 kafin ziyarar da ake tsammani. Ana iya yin hakan akan gidan yanar gizon hukuma - ba wai kawai daga gida ba, har ma a kan tabo (akwai Wi-Fi don biyan kuɗi).
Ya kamata ku zo yawon shakatawa mintuna 15-20 kafin farawa. Babban cocin cike yake da yan yawon bude ido, don haka neman jagora bashi da sauki, kuma babu dawowa idan akayi jinkiri.
Kuna son zuwa Sagrada Familia kwata-kwata kyauta? Ku zo hidimar Lahadi, wanda zai fara daga ƙarfe 9 na safe kuma ya ɗauki kusan awa ɗaya (ana gudanar da shi cikin yare daban-daban). Wannan, ba shakka, ba balaguro ba ne, kuma ba za ku iya ɗaukar hoto yayin taro ba, amma kuna iya jin daɗin kyan gani na babban coci a ranar asuba. Har ila yau, ya kamata a sani cewa ibada taron jama'a ne wanda ke tara adadi mai yawa na masu bi. Limitedayyadaddun yanki na cocin ba sa iya ɗaukar duk waɗanda suke so, - ƙa'idar "wanda shi ne farkon" yana aiki.

Kwatanta farashin Masauki ta amfani da wannan Fom din

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa

Akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Sagrada Familia a Barcelona wanda ya sa ya zama mafi ban sha'awa:

Duk da tsari na ginshiƙai masu tallafi, tsarin haikalin yana da ƙarfin isa ya iya tsayayya da abubuwa fiye da ɗari da zane-zanen dutse.

A yawancin kafofin yaren Rashanci ana kiran ɗayan mafi kyawun halittun Antoni Gaudi Cathedral na Sagrada Familia. A zahiri, taken babban haikalin na Barcelona na La Catedral de la Santa Cruz y Santa Eulalia ne, yayin da aka ba Sagrada Familia taken daban daban - Papananan Papal Basilica.
Lokacin da aka tambaye shi tsawon shekaru nawa ginin wannan babban cocin zai yi, Gaudi ya amsa cewa abokin aikinsa ba ya sauri. A lokaci guda, yana nufin ba wani jami'i ko mai arziki birni ba, amma Allah ne da kansa. Har ila yau yakan kira ɗan littafinsa "aikin ƙarni uku."
Ginin shahararren babban coci a Barcelona hakika an jinkirta shi har abada. Wataƙila dalilin wannan shi ne kunkuru, wanda mai zanen Gaudi ya sanya a ginshiƙan ginshiƙan tsakiya.
Bugu da ƙari, har zuwa kwanan nan, duk aikin ginin da aka yi a yankin haikalin an ɗauke shi a matsayin haramtacce. Kuma kawai a cikin 2018, masu kula da cocin har yanzu sun sami damar yarda da ƙaramar hukumar birni don samun lasisin da ya dace.
Jita-jita tana da cewa za a kammala ginin babban cocin ne kawai a shekarar 2026, wato, shekara ɗari da mutuwar babban maigidan. A cewar wani labari, wannan shine karshen duniya.