Hagia Sophia: tarihin ban mamaki na gidan kayan gargajiya a Istanbul

Hagia Sophia tana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan tarihi masu tarin yawa, waɗanda suka sami damar wanzuwa har zuwa ƙarni na 21 kuma a lokaci guda ba a rasa tsohuwar daukaka da kuzari ba, wanda ke da wahalar bayyanawa. Da zarar mafi girman haikalin da ke Byzantium, daga baya ya rikide zuwa masallaci a Istanbul. Wannan ɗayan ƙananan rukunoni ne a duniya inda, har zuwa Yulin 2020, addinai biyu suka haɗu lokaci ɗaya - Musulunci da Kiristanci.

Katolika galibi ana kiransa abin mamaki na takwas na duniya, kuma, tabbas, a yau yana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da aka fi ziyarta a cikin birni. Ginin abin yana da darajar tarihi sosai, don haka aka sanya shi a cikin jerin kayan tarihin UNESCO. Ta yaya ya faru a cikin hadadden hadadden mosaics na Krista ya kasance tare da rubutun larabci? Labari mai ban al'ajabi game da Masallacin Hagia Sophia (tsohon babban cocin ne) a Istanbul zai bamu labarin wannan.

Gajeren labari

Bai kasance mai yiwuwa ba nan da nan a gina babban haikalin St. Sophia kuma a ci gaba da shi cikin lokaci. Coci-coci guda biyu na farko, wadanda aka gina a wurin wurin ibada na zamani, sun tsaya ne kawai na decadesan shekaru kaɗan, kuma manyan gine-ginen sun lalace ta hanyar manyan wuta. An sake sake gina babban coci na uku a cikin karni na 6 a lokacin mulkin masarautar Byzantine Justinian I. Fiye da mutane dubu 10 suka shiga cikin aikin ginin, wanda ya ba da damar gina haikalin irin wannan sikelin mai ban mamaki a cikin shekaru biyar kawai. Hagia Sophia a cikin Konstantinoful tsawon shekara dubu ya kasance babban cocin Kirista a Daular Byzantine.

A cikin 1453, Sultan Mehmed Mai nasara ya afkawa babban birnin Byzantium kuma ya fatattake shi, amma bai halakar da babban cocin ba. Sarauniyar Daular Usmaniyya tana matukar burgewa saboda kyawawan dabi'u da girman basilica har ya yanke shawarar maida shi masallaci. Don haka, an kara minarets a tsohuwar cocin, an sake canza masa suna Aya Sofya kuma tsawon shekaru 500 ya kasance babban masallacin birni ga Ottomans. Abin lura ne cewa daga baya, masu ginin Ottoman sun dauki Hagia Sophia a matsayin misali yayin gina wasu shahararrun gidajen ibada irin na Suleymaniye da Blue Masallaci a Istanbul. Don cikakken bayanin ƙarshen, duba wannan shafin.

Bayan rabuwa da Daular Usmaniyya da kuma zuwa ikon Ataturk, an fara aiki kan maido da adon kiristoci da frescoes na Kirista a Hagia Sophia, kuma a shekarar 1934 aka ba ta matsayin gidan kayan gargajiya da kuma kayan tarihin gine-ginen Byzantine, wanda ya zama alama ce ta rayuwar manyan addinai biyu. A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa a Turkiyya da ke kula da al'amuran tarihi sun sha shigar da kara don mayar da matsayin masallaci ga gidan kayan tarihin. Har zuwa Yulin 2020, an hana gudanar da hidimomin Musulmai a cikin katangar rukunin ginin, kuma da yawa daga cikin muminai sun ga a cikin wannan shawarar ta keta 'yancin addini.

Sakamakon haka, a ranar 10 ga Yulin, 2020, hukumomi suka yanke shawara kan yiwuwar gudanar da addu’o’i ga Musulmai. A wannan rana, bayan umarnin da shugaban kasar Turkiyya Erdogan ya bayar, Aya Sophia ta zama masallaci a hukumance.
Karanta kuma: Masallacin Suleymaniye sanannen gidan ibada ne na Islama a Istanbul.

Gine-gine da ado na ciki

Masallacin Hagia Sophia (babban cocin Katolika) da ke Turkiyya fasali ne mai kusurwa huɗu na fasali mai fasali tare da raɓa uku, zuwa ɓangaren yamma akwai vestibules biyu. Tsawon haikalin mita 100 ne, faɗinsa kuwa ya kai mita 69.5, tsayin dome ya kai mita 55.6, kuma faɗinsa ya kai mita 31. Babban kayan ginin ginin shine marmara, amma ana amfani da yumbu mai nauyi da tubalin yashi. A gaban facin Hagia Sophia, akwai tsakar gida da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a tsakiya. Kuma ƙofofi tara suna kaiwa ga gidan kayan gargajiya kanta: a cikin tsohuwar zamanin, sarki ne kawai zai iya amfani da na tsakiya.

Amma komai girman darajar cocin daga waje, ainihin fitattun gine-ginen suna cikin kayan adon cikin ta. Zauren basilica ya kunshi hotuna biyu (na sama da na kasa), wanda aka yi da marmara, wanda aka shigo dashi musamman daga Istanbul daga Rome. An yi wa ƙaramin bene ado da ginshiƙai 104, kuma na sama - 64. Kusan ba zai yuwu ba a sami yanki a cikin babban cocin da ba a yi masa ado ba. Cikin ciki yana da frescoes da yawa, mosaics, kayan azurfa da na zinare, terracotta da abubuwan hauren giwa. Akwai wata tatsuniya wacce tun da farko Justinian ta shirya yin ado da kayan ado na haikalin gaba ɗaya na zinare, amma matsafa sun ruɗe shi, suna hasashen lokacin talauci da sarakuna masu haɗama waɗanda ba za su bar alamun irin wannan kayan alatu ba.

Mafi mahimmanci a cikin babban cocin shine mozikin Byzantine da frescoes. An kiyaye su sosai, galibi saboda Ottomans waɗanda suka zo Constantinople suna yin hotunan Kiristanci kawai, don haka suna hana halakar su. Tare da bayyanar masu nasara na Turkiya a cikin babban birni, an ƙara cikin haikalin tare da mihrab (kamannin bagadi na musulmai), akwatin sultan da marbar minbar (mimbari a cikin masallaci). Hakanan al'adun gargajiya na kyandirorin Kiristanci sun bar cikin, wanda aka maye gurbinsu da fenti daga fitilun gumaka.

A cikin sigar ta asali, Aya Sofya da ke Istanbul an haskaka ta tagogi 214, amma a kan lokaci, saboda ƙarin gine-gine a cikin wurin ibadar, 181 ne kawai daga cikinsu suka rage. Jita-jita tana da cewa duk lokacin da aka kirga su, akwai sabbin ƙofofi waɗanda ba a taɓa gani ba. A karkashin sashin ginin, an samu wasu hanyoyin karkashin kasa, wadanda suka malale da ruwan karkashin kasa. A lokacin daya daga cikin nazarin irin wadannan ramuka, masana kimiyya sun gano wata hanyar sirri da ta tashi daga babban cocin zuwa wani sanannen sanannen Istanbul - Fadar Topkapi. Hakanan an samo kayan ado da ragowar mutane anan.

Ofawakin gidan kayan tarihin yana da wadatar gaske ta yadda kusan ba za a iya bayyana shi a taƙaice ba, kuma ba hoto guda na Hagia Sophia a Istanbul da ke iya isar da alheri, yanayi da kuzarin da ke cikin wannan wuri. Sabili da haka, tabbatar da ziyartar wannan abin tunawa na musamman kuma da kanku ku gani da girmansa.

Yadda ake zuwa can

Hagia Sophia tana cikin dandalin Sultanahmet, a cikin tsohuwar gundumar birnin Istanbul da ake kira Fatih. Nisa daga Filin jirgin saman Ataturk zuwa jan hankali kilomita 20 ne. Idan kuna shirin ziyartar haikalin kai tsaye da zuwansu cikin gari, to zaku iya zuwa wurin ta taksi ko ta jigilar jama'a, wanda metro da tram suka wakilta.

Kuna iya zuwa metro kai tsaye daga ginin tashar jirgin sama, bin alamomin da suka dace. Kuna buƙatar ɗaukar layin M1 kuma ku sauka a tashar Zeytinburnu. Farashin zai zama 2.6 tl. Bayan fitowa daga jirgin karkashin kasa, dole ne kuyi tafiya kadan fiye da kilomita zuwa gabas kusa da titin Seyit Nizam, inda tashar motar T 1 Kabataş - Bağcılar tram ta tsaya (farashin kowace tafiya 1.95 tl). Kuna buƙatar sauka a tashar Sultanahmet, kuma a cikin mita 300 kawai za ku sami kanku a babban coci.

Idan zaku je haikalin ba daga tashar jirgin sama ba, amma daga wani waje a cikin birni, to a wannan yanayin ku ma kuna buƙatar hawa layin T 1 kuma ku sauka a tashar Sultanahmet.

A bayanin kula: A wane yanki na Istanbul ya fi kyau ga ɗan yawon bude ido ya zauna na foran kwanaki.

Kwatanta farashin Masauki ta amfani da wannan Fom din

Bayani mai amfani

• Ainihin adireshin: Sultanahmet Meydanı, Fatih, İstanbul, Türkiye.
• Kudin shiga: kyauta.
• Ana iya samun jeren addu'o'in akan shafin yanar gizon: namazvakitleri.diyanet.gov.tr.

Amfani masu Amfani

Idan kuna shirin ziyarci Hagia Sophia a Istanbul, tabbas ku kula da shawarwarin 'yan yawon bude ido da suka riga suka ziyarci nan. Mu kuma, bayan munyi nazarin bita kan matafiya, mun tattara manyan hanyoyinmu masu amfani:

1. Zai fi kyau a tafi jan hankali da karfe 08: 00-08: 30 da safe. Bayan 09:00, akwai dogayen layuka a babban cocin, kuma tsayawa a sararin sama, musamman a tsayin lokacin bazara, yana da gajiya sosai.
2. Idan, ban da Hagia Sophia, kuna shirin ziyartar wasu wurare masu kyau na Istanbul tare da ƙofar da aka biya, to muna ba ku shawara ku sayi katin gidan kayan gargajiya na musamman wanda ke aiki kawai a cikin garin. Kudin sa shine 125 tl. Wannan izinin ba kawai zai rage muku kuɗi ba, har ma ku guji yin dogon layi a wurin biya.
3. Cire takalminka kafin ka hau kan kafet.
4. Guji ziyartar masallaci yayin sallah (sau 5 a rana), musamman da rana tsaka a ranar Juma'a.
5. An yarda mata su shiga Hagia Sophia sanye da mayafai kawai. Ana iya aron su kyauta a ƙofar.
6. Zai yiwu a ɗauki hoto na kayan ado na ciki na ginin, amma bai kamata ku ɗauki hotunan waɗanda suke addu'ar ba.

7. Tabbatar an kawo ruwa tare. Akwai zafi sosai a cikin Istanbul a cikin watannin bazara, don haka ba za ku iya yin komai ba tare da ruwa ba. Ana iya siyan ruwa akan yankin babban cocin, amma zai ninka sau da yawa.
8. Masu yawon bude ido da suka ziyarci gidan kayan tarihin sun ba da shawarar a ba su fiye da awanni biyu don rangadin Hagia Sophia.
9. Muna ba da shawarar ku yi hayar jagora don yin ziyararku zuwa babban coci cikakke yadda ya kamata. Kuna iya samun jagora wanda ke magana da Rashanci daidai a ƙofar. Kowannensu yana da farashinsa, amma a Turkiyya koyaushe kuna iya ciniki.
10. Idan baku son kashe kuɗi akan jagora, sa'annan ku sayi jagorar odiyo, kuma idan wannan zaɓin bai dace da ku ba, to kafin ziyartar babban cocin, kalli cikakken fim game da Hagia Sophia daga National Geographic.
11. Wasu matafiya suna ba da shawara game da ziyartar haikalin da yamma, saboda, a cewarsu, a cikin hasken rana ne kawai za ku iya ganin cikakkun bayanan cikin.

Fitarwa

Babu shakka Hagia Sophia ta zama abin jan hankali a Istanbul. Kuma ta amfani da bayanai da shawarwari daga labarinmu, zaku iya tsara yawon shakatawa mai kyau kuma ku sami mafi kyawun gidan kayan gargajiya.

Kalli bidiyon: Turkeys Hagia Sophia and Erdogan. Dhruv Rathee (Satumba 2024).