Yi ado da windowsill: yadda ake girma begonia a gida?

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Begonia shukar ce da ake amfani da ita wurin kawata lambuna, wuraren shakatawa, murabba'ai da gangaren taga. Ita 'yar gidan Begoniev ce.

Ya ƙunshi kusan nau'ikan ɗari tara da aka samo a cikin daji da kuma game da matasan da suka kai dubu biyu.

Mutum na farko da ya bayyana shi a ƙarni na 17 shine Michel Begon.

Wannan kyakkyawan fure mai ban mamaki an sanya masa suna. Shin yana da wahala a shuka begonia a gida?

Menene wannan fure?

Shekaru goma bayan wallafa bayanin Michel, wanda ya ziyarce shi kuma ya gano shi a Antilles, an buga bayanan kula game da wasu nau'ikan begonias: evergreen, royal, tuber. A yau, masu kiwo suna yin gwaji tare da su, suna ƙirƙirar ƙarin kayan ado don sigogin taga. Daga cikinsu akwai waɗanda ke girma ne kawai a cikin ɗakunan shan iska da kuma waɗanda ke yin tsayayya da lamuran yanayi.

Begonia karamin ganye ne mai tsayin da bai wuce 3 cm ba ko wani daji mai tsayi. Wasu nau'ikan basu da tushe, yayin da wasu kuma suna da ganye daya kawai. Launin ganyen duk tabarau ne na kore. Gefen baya baya da ban mamaki: wani lokacin alamu da tabo suna rufe shi. Launi na buds kuma ya bambanta, amma yawancinsu launuka ne masu ɗumi. Kuna iya gano game da nau'ikan begonias a cikin wannan labarin.

Abubuwan kulawa

Babban fasalin begonias shine kulawa sosai. Sai kawai idan mai shuka ya bi duk ƙa'idodi kuma ya kiyaye duk sharuɗɗa, begonia za ta yi fure na dogon lokaci da kyau. Me muke magana akai?

Wuri. Begonia na cikin gida za su yi farin ciki da furanni idan an ɗora tukunyar a kan windowsill mai haske a gefen gabas ko yamma.
Zazzabi. Tana son dumi, amma ba zafi ba. Zafin jiki mafi kyau shine + 18-23⁰С.
Zafi. Ba a fesa tsire don ƙirƙirar ƙarancin danshi don kada launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana akan ganyen. Tunda yana buƙatar ɗimbin zafi, sai suka ɗora shi a kan pallet mai jujjuya da yumɓu mai yalwa.
Haskaka. Hasken rana kai tsaye a lokacin rani yana hana, saboda ƙonewa akan ganyayyaki zai kasance saboda su.
Unguwa. Begonia ba ta son "maƙwabta": daɗa tukwane tare da sauran tsirrai, mafi kyau.
Jirgin sama. Tana buƙatar iska mai kyau, amma fa idan babu zayyana. Daga gare shi, ta inganta bayyanar shuka.

Hanyoyin haifuwa

Akwai nau'ikan begonias na cikin gida da yawa: tubus, ya kasance fure-fure, mai annashuwa, sarauta, da sauransu. Shin sauƙin yayata shi?

Akwai hanyoyi biyar na kiwo:

Yankan
Irin.
Amfani da sassan rhizome ko daji.
Amfani da sassan ganye.
Kara yanka.

Yankan hanya ne na yaduwa wanda manyan masu shuka suka zaba. Ya shafi begonias da fari. Don yada shi, yanke itacen da wuka mai kaifi.

Tsayi mafi kyau duka shi ne 100 mm, kasancewar ana buƙatar ganyaye biyu na ganye. Ana cire ƙananan, kuma an yanka manyan cikin rabi.

Ya kamata sassan su bushe, kuma yayin da suke bushewa, shirya ƙasa (duk wanda zai yi, amma ya haɗa shi da yashi 1: 1). Lokacin da yankan suka bushe, ana yin baƙin ciki a cikin tukunyar ƙasa. An shigar da kara a ciki, zurfafawa zuwa ganyayyaki. Bayan shayarwa da ciyarwa tare da mai kara kuzari Kornevin, an dasa shukar da kwalbar filastik wacce aka yanka ta rabi.

Begonia na hunturu da Mason's begonia ana yada su ta ganye saboda basu da tushe. Masu sa furanni suna zaɓar ganye mai ƙarfi, wanda aka yanka da wuƙa mai kaifi. Hakanan ana amfani dasu don yanke ɓangarorin triangular, suna raba su daga jijiyar median zuwa gefuna. Yanki daya ya kamata ya zama yana da jijiyoyi biyu.

Bayan shiri, suna makale a cikin yashi mai danshi, kuma an rufe dasa da jakar cellophane a saman. Don asalinsu su bayyana, kula da yanayin zafi mai yawa a ƙarƙashin jaka. Don yin wannan, a kullum fesa sararin da ke ƙarƙashinsa da ruwa daga kwalbar fesawa. Ana dasa shukar zuwa cikin ƙasa ta al'ada bayan watanni 2-3.

Hanyar iri ita ce mafi sauki. A cikin shagon suna sayan tsaba da ƙasa ba tare da ciyawa ba. Kasar ta hade da yashi. Ana jika shi, sa’an nan, ba tare da zurfafawa ba, ana matse tsaba cikin ƙasa. Rufe tukunyar tare da jakar filastik a saman kuma saka shi a wuri mai haske. Harbe-harbe na farko zai bayyana a cikin makonni 2 idan an sami iska da kuma shayar da shi daidai. Lokacin da suka sami ƙarfi kaɗan, za a iya dasa su a cikin kofuna.

An sake shuka tsire-tsire ta hanyar rarraba daji ko rhizomes. Ana amfani da wuka mai kaifi don rabuwa, a hankali a hankali cewa akwai tsiro ko toho a kan kowane sabon sashi. An dasa shi a cikin tukunya bayan yayyafa da kwal.

Hanyar tuberous ba wahala ba ce. Da zaran da tsiro suka fito a kan tubers a bazara, zaku iya shuka su a ƙasa. Na farko, an raba su da tsiro, ana bi da cutukan da toka kuma kowane an dasa shi a cikin tukunyarsa. Karanta game da yadda ake kula da ɗakin tukunya begonia a nan, kuma me yasa tukunyar begonia ta bushe, zaku koya a wannan labarin.

Yadda ake kiwo daidai?

Begonia ƙaunataccen kayan lambu ne. Dangane da yanayi da yawa, koyaushe zai faranta muku rai da yalwar furanni. launuka daban-daban. An yi girma a cikin lambu ko rataye filayen furanni akan windowsill.

Yadda ake kiwo begonia na cikin gida? Hankali. Bayan sayan begonia, ya fi kyau nazarin dokokin kula da shi. Ba za ta iya tsayawa kasa a gindinta ba. Don haka ba haka bane, an zaɓi tukunyar dasawa a hankali (karanta game da zaɓar tukunyar fure da game da begonias a cikin tukunya a nan). Ya kamata ya zama karami don ya zama akwai ƙaramin ɗaki don ci gaban rhizome. Lokacin da rhizomes suka cika tukwane, ana dasa shukar. Karanta yadda ake dasawa, dasawa da kuma kulawa ta gaba ga begonias bayan siye anan, da kuma yadda da kuma yaushe kake bukatar dasa shuki, mun rubuta a wani labarin.

Firamare

Kodayake yawancin masu shuka suna cewa begonia ba shi da ma'ana a ƙasa, sun ƙirƙira shi ne daga:

peat;
na iya karantawa;
sphagnum;
kyakkyawan kasa.

Lokacin hadawa, dauki bangare daya daidai na nau’ukan kasar da ke sama. Kuna iya yin shi daban ta hanyar siyan keɓaɓɓiyar matattarar peat a cikin shagon. Amfani da shi zai yiwu ne kawai bayan jiƙa na wasu awowi. Mafi kyau yadda yake cike, da sauri begonia zata sami tushe. Munyi magana game da abin da za ku yi idan dabbar gidan ku ba ta da tushe sosai a cikin labarin daban.

Zazzabi da haske

Shuka ba ta son hasken rana kai tsaye. Haske yakamata ya zama mai haske da ƙarancin haske.

A lokacin rani, an ajiye tukunyar da shi a tagar yamma / gabas, kuma a lokacin hunturu - a kudu (zaku koya game da kula da begonia a cikin hunturu anan). Idan fure tayi girma zuwa sama ba kuma a fadi ba, to bata wuri.

Babbar matsalar ita ce ta hasken wuta, ko kuma dai rashin rashi. Suna kuma cire shi daga taga daya sannan su nemi wani idan ganyen ya bushe. Zafin jiki mafi kyau shine + 18-23⁰С.

Shayarwa

Da zaran ƙasa ta bushe zurfin cm 2-3, shayar da ita. Hanya mafi kyau ta ruwa ita ce jiƙa tukunyar cikin ruwa na tsawan awoyi. Bayan haka, suna jiran duk ruwa mai yawa ya malale a cikin kaskon sannan kuma sai su mayar da tukunyar zuwa asalin sa. Kuna iya samun cikakkun bayanai game da dacewar shayarwa anan.

Danshi mai iska

Da zaran an kunna dumama tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, tsire-tsire na cikin gida da yawa suna bushewa. Begonia kuma tana da matsaloli. Ba ta son busasshiyar iska kuma ba ta yarda da feshin ruwa daga kwalbar fesawa ba. Ana yayyafa ruwa kawai a sararin da ke kusa da shi ko an ajiye tukwane da rigar tsakuwa kusa da shi.

Taki

Sau daya a sati ko sau biyu a wata takin begonia ta amfani da raunin maganin taki na ma'adinai... Ba a buƙatar tufafi mafi girma daga tsakiyar kaka zuwa farkon bazara, saboda shuka tana buƙatar hutawa. Kuna iya gano yadda ake ciyar da begonia don yawan furanni anan.

Yankan

Bishiyoyi masu kaurin gaske, wadanda suke da harbe-harben kasa, ana datse su idan suka ga bukatar hakan.
An datse tumatir don motsa ci gaban gefen harbi. Don cimma wannan, an taƙaita tip ɗin.
Ana datse tsire-tsire a kowace bazara don taimaka musu girma da miƙewa da sauri.

Mahimmanci. Bayan pruning gida begonia, canza mita na watering. Ya kamata ya zama da wuya kuma kawai bayan farkon haɓakar aiki, tsire-tsire suna dawo da shi.

Kuna iya gano yadda za a datse begonias yadda yakamata don furewar fure a cikin labarin daban.

Cututtuka da kwari

Rarelywararrun risan itace da wuya su haɗu da kwari da cututtuka yayin girma begonias. Dangane da yanayin ganyayyaki da bayyanar, matsalar an ƙaddara kuma an zaɓi hanyar kulawa mafi kyau.

Cututtuka

Ruwan toka. Wakilin da ke haddasa shi shine naman Botrytis. Wuraren ruwa masu fari da launin toka mai toho a kan furanni, ganye da harbe-harbe. Yin magani cikin lokaci tare da maganin kashi 1% na ruwan Bordeaux ko ruwan tagulla-sabulu zai tseratar da ku daga yaɗuwar cutar.
Ganin kwayar cuta. Rashin kashi shine ƙananan ganye. Magani bashi yiwuwa, saboda haka ya fi kyau lalata samfurin da abin ya shafa da siyan sabo.
Zoben zobe ko kwayar tumatir Bugu da ƙari, babu magani mai yiwuwa. Don kar a haɗu da wannan cuta, ana cire ciyawar a cikin lokaci, kuma ana amfani da aphids da thrips tare da hanyoyin sarrafa zamani.

Matsalolin da aka fi sani sune ruɓewa, bushewa da lanƙwasawa a gefunan ganye. a cikin begonia (me yasa ganye suka bushe a gefuna kuma a lokaci guda furannin ke wahala, karanta a nan). Tana lura dasu a kan lokaci kuma tana kula da tsiron tare da kayan kwalliya (ko maganin shirinta na kanta: gram 2 na jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe, gram 20 na sabulun kwalta da lita 1 na ruwa), za ta sake yin farin ciki da walƙiya da toho da kuma ganye koren 'lafiya'. Za ku sami duk cikakkun bayanai game da cututtuka da kwari na begonia a nan, kuma me yasa ganyen shukar suka zama rawaya da bushe, karanta wannan labarin.

Kammalawa

Begonia baƙo ne mai yawa a gidajen Russia. Duk wanda ke son furannin shuke-shuke masu haske na rawaya, ruwan hoda ko ja, wanda ke zaune a sarari tsakanin ganye masu fa'ida, zai saya. Bayan sun mallaki ka'idoji masu sauki na kulawa, ba zasu yi nadamar shawarar da suka yanke na kiwon fure ba.

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