Kyawawan dada murtsunguwa - sulcorebutia. Bayani, iri da iri, kulawa gida da waje

Sulcorebutia karami ne mai kyau, mai kyau da sauƙi. Za'a iya sanya tarin tarin shuke-shuke a sauƙaƙe akan windowsill na yau da kullun.

A cikin wannan labarin, zamuyi la'akari da shahararrun nau'in sulcorebutia kuma zamu gaya muku game da ƙa'idodi na yau da kullun don kula da tsire-tsire a gida. Zamuyi bayanin yadda ake yada wannan karamin murtsunguwa ta hanyar tsaba da harbe-harben gefen. Za mu kuma nuna muku irin cututtukan da kwari za su iya zama masu haɗari ga wannan nasarar.

Bayanin tsirrai da labarin kasa na mazauninsu

Jinsin Sulkorebutia ya haɗu da cacti tare da halayyar halayya ko sigar silinda kaɗan. Kullun waɗannan tsire-tsire suna daɗaɗa koyaushe. Sulcorebutia na cikin babban yankin cacti na Bolivia... Yawancin jinsunan 'yan asalin lardin Cochabamba ne. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan murtsunguwa yana girma a ƙarƙashin murfin wasu tsire-tsire - ciyawa da tsire-tsire xerophytic.

Sulcorebutia yana bunkasa sannu a hankali, ginshiƙan salo masu fasali, keɓance a farkonta, suna yin matakai da yawa tare da shekaru. Bakandamiya tana da kaloli masu ƙarfi, tsawaita kuma an ɗan huce ta cikin jikin iskar, tare da gajeren tsagi wanda yake zuwa daga gare su.

Launin kara na iya bambanta daga inuw ofyin kore zuwa sautunan launin ruwan kasa masu ruwan toka. Tushen tsarin sulcorebution yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi... Furannin suna da banbanci, koyaushe suna da ƙarfi, suna bayyana a saman tushe kuma galibi suna samar da kyakkyawar fure. 'Ya'yan itacen sulcorebutia sune' ya'yan itace, masu girman milimita da yawa.

Wakilin farko na jinsin an bayyana shi E. Verderman a cikin 1931.

Shahararrun nau'ikan da iri na sulcorebutia

Rauscha (Rauschii)

An gano nau'in a saman duwatsun Bolivia ta hannun masani dan bushiyar Austriya V. Rausch kuma ya sa masa suna.

Tsirrai mai ɗamarar shuɗi-shuɗi mai ɗumi ko smoky-ruby, wanda samansa ya daidaita. Girman ya girma tare da adadi da yawa na harbe a kaikaice, wanda bai wuce santimita uku ba a diamita. Raba hakarkarinsa goma sha shida sun kasu kashi-kashi. Areoles suna da tsawo, tare da gajeren balaga. Spines na bakin ciki ne, baƙi, masu annuri, kamar kambori, mai jituwa, wanda bai fi 20 mm tsayi ba. Spananan tsakiya ba su nan (akwai cacti maras tushe?). Furannin suna kimanin santimita uku a cikin diamita, masu launin ruwan hoda-mai ruwan hoda, tare da farin cibiyar. Inflorescences na tubular ne, corolla na fure a buɗe yake.

Caniguerali (Canigueralii)

An sanya sunan jinsin ne bayan firist din Bolivia Juan Cagnigueral... Sannu a hankali, mai canzawa cikin launi na furanni da ƙaya. Caramin murtsataccen murtsunguwar kafa ƙungiyoyi masu yawa.

Kasan bai fi santimita uku tsayi ba kuma bai wuce diamita biyar ba, yana da bakin ciki sama da launi daga koren kore zuwa purple purple. Hakarkarin hakarkarin tsire-tsire masu girma ne, karkace. Areoles kunkuntar, fari da balaga. Kowane fili yana da sirara 11-14, sifofin gora masu ƙyaliyar fuska. Spunƙun tsakiya na tsakiya galibi ba su nan, ko, idan sun kasance, to bai fi biyu ba. Furannin a bude suke, masu kamannin mazurai, launuka iri-iri daga lemu zuwa shuɗi mai duhu, suna fitowa daga ƙananan tsibirai.

Arenacea

Wani suna yashi. Shuke-shuke tare da kara guda, matattara-mai siffar zobe... Launi launin kore ne-mai ruwan kasa, girman ya kai 3 cm a tsayi kuma har zuwa 6 cm a diamita. Koli ya baci. Yana da kusan bututu guda talatin, haƙarƙarin da yake kwance a gefe. Yankuna suna da tsayi, launin rawaya-launin toka-launin toka, kowannensu da siraran 14-16, masu lankwasa, wasu lokutan masu rikitarwa. Furannin suna rawaya, har zuwa santimita uku a diamita.

Langeri

Jinsin yana da tushe mai launin toka mai launin toka, wanda yake da haƙarƙarin da aka raba cikin tubercles tare da areoles masu ruwan kasa, kowannensu yana da 21-25 mara kyau, spines-like spines. Furannin suna da siffar mazurari, har zuwa 4 cm a faɗi, tare da ɗimbin yawa, masu ɗaci mai ɗorewa mai haske.

Juckeri

Tsire-tsire mai kara wanda yakai santimita goma fadi da tsayi santimita biyar... Ercanƙan da yake fitowa. Filaye kunkuntar ne, har zuwa tsawon mm 6 da faɗi kusan mm 1, tare da ƙwanƙwashin spines masu ƙarfi da dogaye, masu lankwasawa zuwa sama. Furanni masu launin ja, rawaya a yankin makogwaro (zaku iya koyo game da jan cacti a nan).

Steibach (Steinbachii)

Highlyaramin karami mai girma wanda ya samar da manyan matashi. Kara tare da koren epidermis, ya kasu kashi biyu, yalwata tubercles. Areoles suna da tsayi, sun ji. Kowace areola tana da dunkulalliyar dusar ƙanƙara kamar takwas, tsayin santimita ɗaya. Spunƙun tsakiya na tsakiya, waɗanda zasu iya zama daga ɗaya zuwa uku, suna da launin toka, tare da saman duhu, har zuwa tsawon santimita ɗaya. Kactus yana da babban, tushen juzu'i Furannin suna da siffar mazurari, har zuwa 4 cm a tsayi kuma a diamita. Launi ya banbanta, daga rasberi zuwa lemu.

Murƙushe (Tsattsauran ra'ayi)

Hakanan ana kiransa curly ko kintsattse. Stemarƙara mai faɗi, santimita biyu a diamita, an rufe ta da tubercles. Radial spines tare da crest kusa da kara, suna da yawa, tsawo, haske a launi. Furannin suna da ruwan hoda, kimanin 4 cm a diamita (game da cacti tare da furannin ruwan hoda an bayyana anan).

Yadda ake kulawa a gida?

• Zazzabi... A lokacin bazara da lokacin bazara na sulcorebutia, yawan zafin ɗakin da aka saba shine digiri 20-25. Idan za ta yiwu, kana buƙatar tsara bambanci tsakanin yanayin zafi na dare da rana. A lokacin hunturu, ya kamata a kiyaye shuka a zazzabin da bai fi digiri 10 ba. Zai iya tsayayya da sanyi na ɗan gajeren lokaci idan an sanya shi a cikin busasshiyar ƙasa.
• Shayarwa... Tare da farkon lokacin girma da kumburin kumburin, sulcorebution yana buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun, in babu wanda ƙwayoyin zasu bushe. A tsakiyar bazara, ya kamata a rage ban ruwa, ana kashe su yayin da kasar ta bushe. Da isowar kaka, an sake ba da ruwa na wani lokaci kuma an rage shi zuwa sifili a farkon lokacin hunturu.
• Haskaka... Shuke yana buƙatar wadataccen haske, tare da rashin abin da yake shimfiɗawa da daina fure.

  Haske mai haske yana ba ka damar adana yanayin halitta na mai tushe, launi na epidermis kuma yana haɓaka yawan furanni da ci gaban ƙaya.

• Firamare... Don sulcorebution, zaku iya siyan soilasar da aka siye da aka siye, wanda ake amfani dashi don succulents ya dace, idan kun shirya kwayar da kanku, yakamata ya kunshi ƙasa mai ganye da peat a cikin sassan daidai tare da abin haɗuwa na kwakwalwan tsakuwa - har zuwa 40%.
• Gyara... Don tsire-tsire mai girman gaske, ana iya aiwatar da samuwar ta hanyar raba yankan. Sulcorebutia yana kara sautinta saboda bunkasa harbe a kaikaice.
• Top miya... Ana ciyar dasu kowane wata tare da takin da aka shirya don cacti da succulents tare da babban abun ciki na alli, potassium da phosphorus. Ya kamata a tsinke taki zuwa rabin shawarar da aka ba da shi kuma ayi amfani da shi a bazara da bazara. A lokacin hutu, an cire ciyarwa.
• Wiwi... Tukunyar sulcorebution tana buƙatar mai faɗi da zurfin ciki, tare da ramuka magudanan ruwa.
• Canja wurin:
  1. Ana dasa kananan shuke-shuke yayin da suke girma, kuma ana dasa manya ne duk bayan shekaru uku.
  2. Ana aiwatar da tsarin dasawa a cikin bazara ko kaka bayan furanni.
  3. An cire tsire-tsire daga tsohuwar ƙasa, yana da mahimmanci cewa ƙwallon ƙasa ya bushe.
  4. Amfani da hanyar transshipment, an dasa cactus a cikin sabon akwati, ƙasa wanda dole ne ya zama bushe a ciki.
  5. Bayan dasawa, ana sanya shuka a wuri mai inuwa kuma ana yin ruwan farko bayan sati daya.
• Wintering... Sulcorebutia ya kamata ya sha kan zafin jiki na digiri 6-10, kusan ba tare da shayarwa ba. Abu mai mahimmanci ga shuka shine farkon girma bayan lokacin bacci. A wannan lokacin, ana dage farawa da buds. Wajibi ne a kange waɗannan matakan tare da yanayin ƙarancin zafi da bushewa har zuwa zafin rana mai zuwa da kuma ƙaruwa a cikin hasken rana zuwa aƙalla awanni 13.

Fans of cacti na iya son kayan aiki game da nau'ikan cacti: Gymnocalycium, Opuntia, Pereskia, Ripsalidopsis, Ripsalis, Hatiora, Cereus, Epiphyllum, Echinocactus, Ailoster, Ariocactus.

Fasali na kula da waje

1. A cikin filin budewa, ya kamata a sanya sulcorebution a wuri mai rana.
2. Yakamata a kiyaye saukar jirgin daga iskar arewa.
3. Kowace shekara, dole ne a canza ƙasa ƙarƙashin cacti, aƙalla a wani ɓangare, kuma dole ne a cire duk ciyawar a hankali.
4. Ana aiwatar da shayar idan akwai rashin ruwan sama na lokaci mai tsawo. Ruwan ya zama mai laushi, ba daga rijiya ba.
5. Hankali a yanka ciyawa a kewayen cactus makiyaya.
6. Idan zafin jiki ya sauka zuwa digiri goma, za a tono murtsatsi a sauya shi don yin hunturu a cikin gida.

Yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba da gefen harbe

• Tsaba:
  1. Don shuka iri, kuna buƙatar zaɓar ɗakunan kwantena masu fadi.
  2. Kafin dasa shuki, ana tsaba tsaba na yini ɗaya a cikin rauni mai ƙarfi na potassium permanganate.
  3. 'Ya'yan sun bazu a kan ƙasa sannan kuma sun dan shayar da danshi.
  4. An rufe akwatin kuma an bar shi a wuri mai haske a yanayin zafin jiki na digiri 15-20.
  5. Bayan da sprouts suka bayyana, kuna buƙatar jira har sai tsayin dakarsu ya kai 2 cm, daga wannan lokacin za'a iya dasa su zuwa ƙananan tukwane.
• Yanayin gefen... Yayinda yake girma, sulcorebutia yana samar da “jarirai” da yawa.
  1. Rarraba harbe a gefe ta hanyar yin ɗan jujjuyawar motsi da hannu. Don aikin, tabbatar da sanya safar hannu don kar a lalata fata da ƙaya.
  2. Ana sanya kayan dasa sakamakon a cikin busassun matattara don cacti.
  3. Ya kamata tsire-tsire ya sami tushe a cikin busassun ƙasa, bayan wannan ya faru, ana fara shayar sulcorebution tare da sirinji ko pipette.

Yin waje

• Kawai balagaggun, shuke-shuke masu girma sun dace da motsi zuwa cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
• Sulcorebution, wanda aka dasa a cikin lambu don bazara, na iya zama yankan, amma ba a ba da shawarar tushen yankan a cikin lambun nan da nan.
• A farkon rayuwar mai zaman kanta, yankan yanka suna bukatar rooting a kananan kwantena.

Cututtuka da kwari

1. Kamar kowane cacti, sulcorebutia yana lalacewa tare da magudanan ruwa mara tsari da danshi mai danshi.
2. Jigon tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire yana nuna rashin isasshen haske.
3. Idan murtsatsi ya bayyana ga hasken rana kai tsaye na dogon lokaci, yana iya ƙonewa.
4. Ja mite gizo-gizo yana da haɗari ga sulcorebutia. Wannan kwaro yana da wahalar gani da ido; yana gano wanzuwar sa ta bayyanar da digon haske a jikin fatar. Tare da tarin ƙwayoyin parasites, zaku iya lura da yanar gizo wanda yake rufe shuka.

   An lalata kwaro tare da taimakon shirye-shiryen kwari.

Makamantan furanni

A waje, Sulcorebutia yayi kama da:

• Rebutia (zaka iya ƙarin koyo game da nau'in Rebutia a nan);
• Lobivia;
• Ciwon ciki;
• Mammillaria;
• Astrophytum.

Duk da dadewa da yaduwar su azaman shukar gida, cacti ba zai taɓa zama mazaunin gidan ba. Musamman, masu shuka suna da'awar cewa babu wasu sanannun sulcorebutias a duniya, sabili da haka, zaku iya dakatar da zaɓinku akan wannan tsiran a amince, idan kuna so, sami asalin rayayyen abun ciki.

Kalli bidiyon: MATAN GIDA 1 (Satumba 2024).