Duk nishaɗin game da babban cacti da kula da su

Bambancin cacti mai tsayi da tsayi shine jimiri da kwalliyar musamman.

Sau da yawa ana amfani dasu azaman scion don maccallar maladaptive da capricious succulents. Sakamakon ya zama abun ban sha'awa da kuma abubuwan da ba'a san su ba a cikin tarin cacti na gida.

A cikin labarin, zamuyi la'akari da cacti a cikin hoto, tare da nazarin bayanin su da kuma koyon yadda za'a kula dasu yadda yakamata ta yadda zasu faranta muku da kyawun su na dogon lokaci.

Hotuna da kwatancin jinsuna

A ƙasa zaku iya ganin hotunan gida mai tsayi, siririya cacti da sunayensu tare da cikakken kwatancen.

Giant Cereus (Cereus giganteus)

Mafi girman murtsattsun hamada na jinsi Cereus, dangin kakkus iyali. Mahalli na asali - kudu maso gabashin California, Arizona, Sonoran Desert na Mexico. Saboda girman girmansa, katon murtsunguwar ya shiga littafin Guinness Book of Records kuma alama ce ta Arizona. Mai narkarda hanta mai tsawo yana girma zuwa tsayi zuwa 10 - 20 m.

Babban tushe yana farawa zuwa reshe yana da shekaru 70, yana ɗaukar siffar candelabra. Wani fasali na musamman shine jinkirin girma na tushe. Shekaru 10 bayan shukar shuki daga tsaba, murtsun tsamiya ya girma ne kawai da cm 2. Kuma sai bayan shekaru 30, matakin haɓaka na aiki yana farawa. Kaurin babban kara ya girma har zuwa 60 - 70 cm. Gangar yana da haƙarƙari, yana da har zuwa 20 - 24 haƙarƙarin haƙora. An rufe saman akwatin da areola mai ruwan kasa.

Gwanayen suna da girma, mai yawa, har zuwa 5 - 7 cm a tsayi. Bar - ma'auni ƙananan ne, ba a bayyana ba, kawai ana samfuran samari ne.

Murmushin cactus a farkon lokacin bazara, furanni yayi tsawo - makonni 3 - 4. Furanni ɗaya ne, na iya zama:

1. fari;
2. ja mai haske;
3. launin rawaya.

Furen fure ne, madaidaiciya.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - edible berriessuna saman akwatin. Tsaba suna da duhu ja tare da baƙin launi.

Fasali na kulawa - succulent baya buƙatar ƙarin shayarwa, ya ƙunshi ruwa 90%. Yana jure iska mai bushe da canjin yanayin zafi kwatsam.

Mahimmanci: a cikin yanayin yanayi, yana iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi ƙasa da 0 ° C.

A lokacin kaka da hunturu, abun mai sanyi ya zama dole, har zuwa 10 ° C.

Soilasa ya kamata ya zama mai haske, da kyau-drained, tare da ƙari na yashi da tsakuwa.

Cleistocactus (Cleistocactus)

Columnar mai farin ciki game da dangin murtsunguwar iyali. Yana tsiro da kyau a cikin Latin Amurka. An fara gano shi a ƙarshen karni na 19. kusa da Andes. Akwai nau'ikan cleistocactus sama da 50.

Mai tushe ne na roba, mai yawa, reshe a tushe. Zai iya zama masauki, a tsaye, rassa.

Tushen tushen yana da ƙarfi, yana da rassa sosai.

A karkashin yanayin cikin gida, dasunan suna girma babba, tsawonsu yakai 30 - 40. A cikin greenhouses, zai iya yin girma har zuwa mita 4. stawan suna da silinda, haƙarƙarin hagu, an bayyana da ƙarfi, har zuwa inji mai kwakwalwa 20. Saman gefen haƙarƙarin an rufe shi da ƙaton fata wanda ke cikin tsari mara kyau. Theunƙun kaɗan suna da ƙanƙanta, a hankali, na iya zama:

• fari;
• rawaya;
• launin toka;
• da kuma jan tabarau.

Taya da ke kusa da areola siriri ne, madaidaiciya, har zuwa 1 - 1.5 cm a tsayi. Gwanayen tsakiya na tsakiya sun fi girma, har zuwa 4 - 5 cm a tsayi.

Wani fasalin fasalin tsire-tsire shine mai ɗan tsayi da sirari, kaɗan 3 - 9 cm.

Manya cleistocactuses suna samarda yawancin buds. Furanni suna bayyana a lokaci guda. Furewa na dogon lokaci yana farawa a ƙarshen bazara. Furannin furanni - girma mai haske suna bayyana a saman gefen fure. Sannan suna jujjuyawa zuwa furannin tubular fure masu launuka masu haske. Furannin ba su cika buɗewa ba. Petals ne kunkuntar, oblong.

'Ya'yan itacen suna da girma, masu sheki, an rufe su da bristles. Tsaba ƙananan, baƙi.

Abubuwan kulawa na musamman sun isa adadin haske mai haske, ana buƙatar awanni masu yawa na hasken rana duk shekara.

Mahimmanci: daga rashin haske, kwalliyar ado suna da nakasa, lanƙwasa. Ya kamata a juya tukwane lokaci-lokaci don hasken ya buga daidai.

A cikin zafin rana, don hana ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo, ya kamata a fesa shuka, zaka iya yin wanka a ƙarƙashin ruwan dumi, amma bai fi sau 1 a mako ba.

Shuka baya jin tsoron zayyanawa da canjin yanayin zafi na dare; a cikin bazara ana iya fallasa shi zuwa sararin sama.

Espostoa

Matsayi mai yawa na farin cikin dangin cactacea. An fara bayanin jinsin ne a farkon karni na 20.

Mahalli na Halitta - Ecuador, Peru, Afirka ta Kudu... Tsira kan tudu mai laushi, yankuna masu duwatsu.

Wayar ba ta da yawa, ya haɗa har zuwa nau'ikan 15.

A cikin gida, galibi espostoas na ulu suna girma.

Mai tushe yana da ikon daji ko reshe, dangane da iri-iri. Tushen suna da girma, a yanayi suna da siffar candelabra.

Wani fasali na musamman shine tsananin balaga, wanda jinsin ya sami lakabin barkwanci "tsoho mutumin Peru" ko "fluffy".

A cikin yanayin yanayi, espostoes suna girma zuwa 5 - 6 m a tsayi. Girman diamita shine 10-15 cm. Kashin haƙarƙarin ya cika, mara ƙarfi, har zuwa 25 - 30 inji mai kwakwalwa.

Sirri, madaidaiciyar ƙayayuwa suna girma daga areoles, har zuwa tsawon cm 1. Adadin ƙayayuwa shine 35 - 40 inji mai kwakwalwa. Spines na iya zama:

• shuɗi;
• fari da shuɗi mai rawaya.

Tsarin tsakiya na tsakiya suna da duhu, masu tsayayyen tsari, suna girma har zuwa 2 - 3 cm. Areoles an rufe shi da gajeren gajeren gashi.

Mahimmanci: shukar tana fure musamman a cikin daji.

Furannin suna da siffar kararrawa, matsakaita ne, farare, kuma suna iya zama ruwan hoda.

'Ya'yan itacen da ake ci da m ɓangaren litattafan almara. Tsaba baƙi ne, masu balaga.

Siffofin kulawa - Espostoa yana buƙatar haske mai haske duk shekara zagaye, balagagge mai girma yana kiyaye gangar jikin daga ƙonewa. Shayarwa, koda a lokacin bazara, ya zama dole a ƙananan allurai, a hankali don kada ya jike ƙwayar fulawar.

Ba'a ba da shawarar fesa shuka ba; ya kamata a cire ƙura daga gashinta tare da burushi mai laushi mai laushi.

Cephalocereus

Wakilin murtsunguwar iyali. A cikin yanayi, akwai nau'ikan har zuwa 100. Tana tsirowa a cikin dumi da yanayin danshi a Mexico da Brazil.

An fassara shi a zahiri, sunan mai nasara yana nufin "kai" da "kakin zuma".

Fasali na tsarin kara - sanannen cephalic, yana kama da kai wanda aka rufe shi da dogon gashi, har zuwa tsawon 30 cm. Don wannan fasalin, ana yiwa cephalocereus laƙabi da "shugaban kyandir senile", "tsoffin ɗan Mexico", "kan dattijo".

Kullun shine cylindrical, columnar. A cikin yanayi, yana girma har zuwa 10 - 15 m a tsawo. A cikin gida, matasan suna da ƙarami mafi ƙanƙanci, har zuwa 40 - 50 cm. Kullun yana da launin toka-kore, an rufe shi da doguwar ƙwanƙwasa - gashin gashi mai rawaya.

Ribs ne low, madaidaiciya, har zuwa 30 inji mai kwakwalwa. Ana dasa filaye da yawa.

Furannin suna da siffar mazurari, tsawonsu yakai 10 cm, masu launin kirim. Furewa yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin yanayin yanayi. Thewanan suna yin sama a saman kara.

Mahimmanci: wannan dogon hanta yana bunkasa sosai a cikin ɗakunan shan iska da kuma gida.

Siffofin kulawa - tsire-tsire masu girma a hankali suna rasa gashi a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren tushe. Yankan lokaci da dasawa yana da mahimmancidon kada tsiron ya rasa tasirin adonsa.

Ba ya jure wa wurare masu inuwa. Shuka yana buƙatar haske mai haske duk shekara zagaye. Rashin haske yana rasa kyanta, ya bushe. Shuka baya jure busasshiyar iska da kyau. A lokacin zafi na bazara, ana ba da shawarar a fesa magarya da ruwan dumi daga kyakkyawar feshi.

Myrtillocactus tsarin lissafi (Myrtillocactus geometrizans)

Girman halittar myrtillocactus na dangin kakakus ne, yana da nau'ikan 4 kawai.

Mafi mashahuri nau'in don ci gaban cikin gida - lissafi myrtillocactus. A yanayi, jinsin ya zama ruwan dare a Mexico, Guatemala. Mahalli - yankunan duwatsu, ƙasa mai dausayi. A gida, ana kiran shuka "mahaifinmu".

Jigon ginshiƙi ne, mai kama da itace, mai launi kore mai shuɗi mai ƙyama. A yanayi, yana girma har zuwa mita 4. Tushen reshen tsire-tsire mai girma. A gida, kara yana girma har zuwa 30 cm a tsayi kuma 10 cm a diamita.

Haƙarƙarin ya bayyana sarai, lambar ita ce guda 8. Areoles suna da girma, suna kan haƙarƙari, spines suna girma daga gare su.

Fushen kara yana haƙarƙara, da shekaru yana rufe da ƙananan ƙashi. Thorayawan suna girma cikin rukuni na 6.

Blooms a lokacin rani. Furanni kanana ne, masu kamannin mazurari, har zuwa 2 - 3 cm a diamita, farare, mai launin kore ko ruwan toka. Dabbobin leda suna da kunkuntar, baƙi ƙirin. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne shuɗi mai shuɗi.

Wani fasali na musamman shine shuke-shuke matasa ba su da ƙaya.

Yanayin kulawa - danshi mai santsi na kara yana hana shiga hasken rana kai tsaye. Mafi kyawu a gefen gabas da yamma.

Shuke-shuken baya buƙatar yankan musamman, ba safai ake dasa furen ba, kawai yayin da tushen sa ya girma, idan tukunyar ta zama ƙarama.

Don hana lalacewar tushen abin wuya yakamata a mulmula kasar gona da tsakuwa.

Abubuwan kulawa

Duk da keɓaɓɓun abubuwan kulawa na kowane nau'in succulents, kuna buƙatar sanin abin da za ayi da dogon cacti bisa ga ƙa'idodi na gama gari da yadda ake girma su girma:

1. Ruwan matsakaici. Ana buƙatar shayarwa a lokacin rani da bazara. Ana shayar da ruwan Cacti kawai da ruwa mai tsafta. Dole ne ƙasa ta bushe tsakanin waterings. Ruwa mai tsauri yana haifar da bayyanar ruɓaɓɓu da sauran cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.
2. M ciyar. Succulents a ɗabi'ance suna girma akan dutse, mara kan gado, ƙasa mai yashi. Ana amfani da takin mai hadadden ma'adinai na musamman a bazara da bazara, dole ne a kiyaye sashi sosai, a cikin hunturu ba a ciyar da shuke-shuke.
3. Hutun hunturu yana da mahimmanci ga duk wakilai. A cikin kaka, ana canja shuke-shuke zuwa daki mai sanyi. Sannu a hankali ana shayar da ruwa, a lokacin hunturu yafi kyau kada a sha ruwan cacti gaba ɗaya.

   Mahimmanci: don cephalocereus, ana buƙatar lokacin sanyi mai sanyi, yanayin iska ya kai 5 - 6 ° С, sauran wakilai hunturu yawanci a 10 - 12 ° С.

4. Iska. A lokacin bazara, don ingantaccen ci gaba da tauraruwa, ya kamata a fitar da shuke-shuke zuwa iska mai iska.
5. Kyakkyawan haske sharaɗi ne ga duk cacti. A lokacin hunturu, yi amfani da ƙarin fitilu, awanni 3-4 a rana. Daga rashin haske, tsire-tsire suna rashin lafiya, rasa bayyanar su.

Kuna da nau'ikan cacti da yawa akan windowsill. Kulawa da alama iri ɗaya ne ga kowa da kowa, amma kowannensu ya amsa kulawa da kulawa daban. Akwai wata matsala? Kuma gaskiyar ita ce kowane nau'in wannan tsiron yana buƙatar hanyar sa ta musamman. A cikin labaranmu, za mu gaya muku yadda za ku kula da cacti kamar Ariocarpus, Coriphanta, Parody, Turbinicarpus, Ailoster, Astrophytum, Mammillaria, Opuntia da Echinopsis.

Manyan ginshikan cacti ba komai bane kuma ba sa haifar da matsala - suna iya ninkawa koda a gida ne, da sauri suna kafa, kuma tare da kulawa mai kyau suna rayuwa sama da shekaru goma.

Kalli bidiyon: MUTUMIN DA YA KE TAFIYA YA BAR KAFAFUWANSA A GIDA (Satumba 2024).