Nemrut Dag - wani tsoffin hadadden abu ne a Turkiyya mai tsayin mita 2000

Nemrut-Dag wani tsauni ne da ke kudu maso gabashin Turkiyya a lardin Adiyaman, kilomita 96 daga garin Malatya. Nemrut na yankin tsaunukan Taurus na Gabas kuma yana kan tsayin 2150 m sama da matakin teku. Bambance-banbancen rukunin yanar gizo ya ta'allaka ne da tsoffin gine-gine da zane-zanen duwatsu na zamanin Hellenistic, waɗanda aka adana a yankunanta. A cikin 1987, tsoffin gine-ginen Nemrut-Dag, saboda ƙimar al'adunsu da ba za a iya musuntawa ba, an saka su cikin Lissafin al'adun duniya na UNESCO.

A yau Nemrut Dag na ɗaya daga cikin wuraren jan hankali da ke kudu maso gabashin Anatolia. Kodayake galibi mazauna Turkawa da kansu sukan zo nan, abin tunawa a kowace shekara yana tayar da sha'awa sosai tsakanin matafiya baƙi. Don fahimtar cikakken darajar ƙwanƙolin dutse, yana da muhimmanci a juya zuwa ga tarihin asalin zane-zane da sifofin da ba a saba gani ba.

Tunanin tarihi

Bayan rugujewar daular Alexander the Great a karni na 2 BC. a yankin da Dutsen Nemrut yake, an kafa ƙaramar jihar da ake kira Kommagene. Wanda ya kafa wannan tsohuwar daular Armenia dan asalin masarautar Yervanduni ne mai suna Ptomelei Kommagensky. A shekara ta 86 BC. zuriyarsa Antiochus Na hau karagar mulki a daular - saurayi ne mai kuzari da babban buri, wanda sau da yawa yakan zube cikin ainihin megalomania. Mai mulkin ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya fito ne daga dangin Alexander the Great, kuma da tsananin himma ya yi ƙoƙari ya sami ɗaukaka irin ta babban kwamandan.

A lokacin haukarsa da son kansa, Antiochus I na yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar sabon addini wanda ya haɗa al'adun Yammacin Girka da Farisa na Gabas. Mai mulkin ya ayyana kansa allahn masarautar Commagene kuma babban allahntakar sabon imani. A shekara ta 62 kafin haihuwar Yesu. Antiochus Na ba da umarnin a gina wa kansa kabari a saman Dutsen Nemrut. A bin misalin tsarin binnewar Masar, an gina kabarin a siffar dala. A waje, an yi wa ɗakin wankan ado da gumakan dutse na gumakan Girka da na Fasiya wadanda suka kai tsayi daga 8 zuwa 10. Abin lura ne cewa an kafa mutum-mutumin Antiochus da kansa a kan daidai a tsakanin gumakan gumakan.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan mutuwar mai mulkin, Daular Rome ta ƙwace ƙasashen da ke cikin Masarautar, kuma kabarin ya manta da shi kwata-kwata. Sai kawai a cikin 1881, masu binciken Bajamushe sun sami nasarar gano rukunin tarihin da ya ɓace, wanda a wancan lokacin wasu residentsan mazauna yankin ne kawai suka sani. A cikin 1953, a taron Nemrut, Jamusawa, tare da wata tawaga tare da masana kimiyya na Amurka, suka shirya wani babban aikin hakar ma'adanai, suka share tare da yin nazarin duk abubuwan tarihin dutsen. Albarkacin kokarin su, duk wani matafiyi yanzu zai iya ziyartar tsohuwar hadaddiyar kasar ta Turkiyya ya kuma taba mutum-mutumin da ya girme su sama da shekaru 2000.

Abin da za a iya gani a kan dutsen a yau

A yanzu haka, a kan Dutsen Nemrut-Dag a Turkiyya, an kiyaye rusassun kabarin da ya taɓa ɗaukaka, wanda ba shi da kwatankwacinsa a duk duniya. Masana kimiyya ba su iya bayyana ainihin dalilin rusa wannan abin tarihi ba. Wasu daga cikinsu sun yi imanin cewa lalacewar ta da girgizar ƙasa da yawa da ke da alamun yankin. Wasu kuma suna tunanin cewa wasu daga cikin maharan na kasashen waje na iya haifar da lalacewar abin. Koyaya, kowane ɓangaren kabarin sun wanzu har zuwa yau cikin kyakkyawan yanayi. Me zaku iya gani akan dutsen?

Yankin rukunin tarihin a Nemrut-Dag ya kasu kashi uku. Yankin arewacin abin tunawa ya lalace gaba ɗaya kuma bashi da wata fa'ida. Amma a cikin tsoffin gine-gine na ɓangaren gabas, an kiyaye wani tudun dala mai tsayin mita 50 da faɗi na mita 150. Mai yiwuwa, an binne gawar Antiochus I a nan, amma har yanzu babu wata hujja da za ta goyi bayan wannan ra'ayin.

Hotunan gumakan da suka yi wa kabarin ado sun lalace sosai tsawon ƙarnuka da yawa: ba tare da togiya ba, siffofin da ke zaune a kan kursiyin sun rasa kawunansu. Masana kimiyya da ke binciken abin tunawa sun gano kuma sun kwance sassan da suka ɓace kuma sun jera su a ƙasan kabarin. Daga cikinsu akwai kawunan Hercules, Zeus, Apollo, allahiyar arziki Tyche da Antiochus I da kansa A nan kuma zaka iya ganin fuskokin zakoki da gaggafa a tsaye a gefe.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, galibi gumakan gumakan Girka da na Fasiya galibi ana nuna su a tsaye. A wasu lokuta kawai ana sassaka sassaka abubuwa a cikin wurin zama a cikin haikalin da aka keɓe wa wani allah. Kamar yadda muka riga muka nuna, a kabarin Antiochus, ana nuna dukkan gumakan suna zaune akan kursiyi, kuma ba a zaɓi irin wannan matsayin kwatsam ba. Don haka, mai mulkin Commagene ya so ya nuna cewa manyan alloli sun sami mazauninsu daidai kan dutsen da ke kusa da kabarinsa.

Wasu daga cikin tsoffin kayan tarihin suna cikin ɓangaren yamma: waɗannan siffofin gumakan gumaka ne guda ɗaya da dabbobi masu ƙanana da girma, har ma da kayan kwalliya tare da hotunan su. Bas-relief tare da adon zaki, wanda aka yiwa ado da taurari 19 da kuma jinjirin wata, an kiyaye shi sosai. Masu binciken suna da tabbacin cewa ranar da aka gina tsohuwar hadaddiyar (62 BC) an ɓoye ta a ciki.

Baya ga kayayyakin gine-gine, Dutsen Nemrut da ke Turkiyya ya shahara da kyawawan hotuna masu kayatarwa. Musamman kyawawan ra'ayoyi ana iya kiyaye su anan lokacin fitowar rana da faduwar rana. Amma koda da rana ne, shimfidar wuri ta bayyana a bayyane hotunan manyan duwatsu da kwari.

Gano Farashi ko sanya kowane masauki ta amfani da wannan fom

Yadda ake zuwa can

Hanyar zuwa dutsen abu ne mai wahala kuma mai cin lokaci. Lardin Adiyaman na Turkiyya, inda Nemrut-Dag yake, ya hada da babban birnin wannan sunan, inda filin jirgin saman da ke kusa da wurin yake. Nisan da ke tsakanin su kusan kilomita 60 ne. Yawancin jiragen saman Turkish Airlines suna tashi daga tashar jirgin saman Istanbul zuwa Adiyaman kowace rana. Sau ɗaya a rana, zaku iya zuwa birni daga Filin jirgin saman Ankara.

Bayan isowa tashar jiragen sama ta Adiyaman, kuna buƙatar zuwa tashar birni, daga inda ƙananan motoci ke barin kowane rabin sa'a zuwa Kakhta - babban yanki mafi kusa da dutsen (nesa tsakanin Nemrut-Dag da Kakhta kusan kilomita 54). Kuma tuni a tashar bas ta wannan birni zaka iya kamun dusa har zuwa dutsen. Karamar motar zata dauke ka zuwa hawan dutsen, daga inda zaka hau zuwa saman.

Kwatanta farashin Masauki ta amfani da wannan Fom din

Amfani masu Amfani

1. Lokacin dacewa don zuwa Dutsen Nemrut Dag a Turkiyya shine daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. A wannan lokacin, yanayin zafi a yankin yana da isasshen yanayin yawon buɗe ido. Lokacin daga Oktoba zuwa Mayu yana da yanayin yanayin ƙarancin yanayin zafi da ruwan sama mai yawa, wanda zai iya lalata duk tunanin tafiya zuwa mahimmin tarihin.

2. Idan kana son ziyartar Nemrut Dag a zaman wani yanki na yawon shakatawa, to kafin ka siya shi daga kamfanin dillancin tafiye-tafiye, yi magana da ma'aikatan otal din ka. Zai yiwu cewa za su ba ku rangadin keɓaɓɓe a mafi kyawun farashi.
3. A kilomita 12 daga dutsen akwai ƙaramin ƙauye da ake kira Karadut, inda zaku iya samun kyawawan otal-otal da gidajen shayi da yawa.
4. Yawancin matafiya da suka je Nemrut-Dag kafin fitowar rana (faɗuwar rana) sun tarar da tarin yawon buɗe ido a saman. Sabili da haka, yana da ma'ana a hau sama yayin da yawancin lokutan da ba a san su ba.

Bayan ziyartar Nemrut Dag a Turkiyya, muna ba da shawarar ziyartar Arsamey na kusa, tsohon babban birnin Masarautar Commagene, inda zai zama da ban sha'awa don sanin kango na tsohuwar birni.

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