Alhambra Palace - Gidan Tarihi na Gine-ginen Islama a Spain

Alhambra sunan babban gine-gine ne da kuma wuraren shakatawa a kudancin Spain. Tana can gefen gabas na birnin Granada, a kan sararin samaniya mai tsayi na tsaunin La Sibina. Tsohon kagara, da lambuna masu daɗi da farfajiyar jin daɗi tare da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, masallatai, gidan sarauta - Alhambra ta haɗa kawata da yawa ɓoye a bangon kagara mai ƙarfi. A lokaci guda, an rarraba dukkanin yankin zuwa yankuna da yawa, tare da hanyar ci gaban ƙungiyar.

Tarihin Alhambra

A cikin karni na 8, kudancin Spain ya fada karkashin mulkin musulmai nasara. Muhammad ibn Nasr, wanda ya ayyana kansa sarki, ya yanke shawarar cewa Granada ce za ta zama babban birnin yankin sa. A cikin 1238 ya fara ginin gidansa: sansanin soja da kagara na Alhambra.

Duk lokaci, yayin da daular Nasrid (1230-1492) ke kan mulki a masarautar Granada, maginan Moorish da injiniyoyi sun gina sabbin gidaje da masallatai, a zahiri sun kirkiro "abin mamaki na takwas na duniya." Wancan lokacin shine "zamanin zinariya" na Granada, saboda masarautar ita ce mafi arzikin kasa a Spain.

Fadar Alhambra da ke Granada ita ce mafaka ta karshe ta Musulunci a kudancin Spain. A ƙarshen karni na 15, an 'yantar da yankin Tsibirin Pyrenean duka daga mutanen Moorish, kuma an kafa gidan sarauta a cikin Alhambra. Lokacin da aka gina sabon birni don Charles V a cikin karni na 16, yawancin gine-ginen asali sun rushe, sauran kuma mummunar girgizar ƙasa ta yi a cikin ƙarni na 19.

Kusan a tsakiyar karni na 19, Alhambra ya fara dawowa, amma matakin farko na aiki, wanda ya ɗauki kimanin shekaru 60, bai yi nasara sosai ba. Sai kawai a cikin karni na ashirin an sake dawo da mahaɗan zuwa asalinsa na tarihi.

Yanzu Alhambra a Granada ita ce mafi shaharar alama a Spain. Fiye da yawon bude ido dubu biyu daga ko'ina cikin duniya suna zuwa nan kowace shekara.

Gaskiyar Tarihi! Yawancin mutane masu kirkira sun ziyarci Alhambra kuma sun jawo hankali anan: Irving, Byron, de Chateaubriand, Hugo, Bulwer-Lytton.

Alcazaba

Alcazaba, wani ɓangare na Alhambra a Spain, shine mafi girman katanga wanda sarakunan farko na daular Nasrid suka rayu kafin a gina sabbin gidaje.

Hasumiyai da yawa sun rayu a nan, daga cikinsu mafi ban sha'awa sune:

• Hasumiyar Tsaro, wanda wani ɓangare ne na bangon da ya haɗa Alcazaba tare da sabbin abubuwa. Hasumiyar tana da filin kallo wanda daga gare shi zaka iya ganin kwarin Darro da Albaycín - tsohuwar kwata ta Granada.
• Hasumiyar tsaro ita ce mafi tsayi daga cikin hasumiyoyin gida, tana da hawa 4 kuma tana hawa tsawan mita 27.

Alcazaba ya hada da Lambun Adarve, wanda aka dasa a cikin karni na 17th a kan wurin da akwai danshi a tsakanin ganuwar waje da ta ciki na sansanin soja.

Filin tafki

Entranceofar Alhambra ita ce ofofar Adalci, an gina ta a 1348. Suna wakiltar baka mai kama da doki.

Gateofar ruwan inabi ta ciki tana tsaye a bayan baka. Suna haɗa dandalin Vodyoimov tare da yankin zama na Madina.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Mawallafin Faransa Claude Debussy ya rubuta gabatarwar fiyano da ake kira "The Gates of the Alhambra", ra'ayin Wine Gates ya burge shi.

Fadar Royal Nasrid

A cikin garin Granada na Spain, a cikin Alhambra, akwai gidan sarki, wanda ya kunshi manyan gida-gida-gida-uku: Mashuar Fada, Comares Castle, da Lviv Castle.

Fadar Meshoir

Saboda lalacewa da sake ginin da Kiristoci suka yi, asalin adon Meshuar kawai an kiyaye shi ta wani ɓangare.

Matsakaicin wuri shine zauren da sarki yake karbar talakawansa da kuma inda kotu tayi aiki. An kawata bangon zauren da mosaics masu launuka iri iri da adon filastar. Kyakkyawan kwalliyar itacen al'ul mai cike da kyakkyawar uwar lu'ulu'u da hauren giwa ya tsaya a ginshiƙan marmara guda huɗu.

A kusa da akwai gidan addu'a - karamin daki, an zana bangonsa da addu'oi daga Alkur'ani. A tsakiyar bangon gabas akwai mihrab - alkuki da aka doshi zuwa Makka. Albaisín, tsohon yanki na Granada, a bayyane yake daga ɗakin sujada.

A gabashin Meshuar akwai farfajiyar Machuca. Gidanta yana zaune da wurin waha mai kyau, kuma a kusurwar arewa akwai fāda da kuma Hasumiyar Machuca da ke sama da ita.

Farfajiyar Gidan Zinare ya haɗu da Masallacin Meshuar da Gidan Comares: a ɓangaren arewacinsa akwai ƙofar zuwa Roomakin Zinare na Comares.

Castle Komares

Komares shi ne gidan masarautar Larabawa, inda ya karɓi baƙi da baƙi.

Tsakanin wannan tsarin ginin shine farfajiyar farfajiyar Myrtle. Babban ɓangarensa yana zaune da babban tafkin marmara wanda bishiyoyi masu daɗi ke kewaye da shi. Ruwa yana kwarara zuwa cikin wannan tafkin cikin lumana daga maɓuɓɓugan ruwa zagaye biyu. Ana yin shinge na zagaye na zagaye na kusurwa a bangarorin biyu na farfajiyar Myrtle, an shirya kyawawan ƙofofi zuwa ɗakunan mata a ɗayan ɓangarorin biyu.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Ana daukar farfajiyar Myrtle a matsayin ɗayan wurare mafi kyawu a cikin Alhambra a Spain: galibi ana nuna ta a cikin hotunan da aka sanya a cikin bookan littafin talla na yawon buɗe ido.

A kusurwar arewa na farfajiyar Myrtovy, katanga ta Komares ta tashi - wannan shine mafi girman tsarin Alhambra, wanda ya tashi sama da mita 45. Anan ne mafi kyawun kayan marmari da girma na rukunin taron suke: Hall of Ambassadors. A tsakiyar bene mai tiled akwai rigunan makamai na Alamars (ƙarni na 16). Ana nuna kursiyin Allah a tsakiyar rufi, kewaye - alamomin sammai 7 na aljanna musulmai. Dukkanin bangarori na bango da bakunan an lulluɓe su da ɗamarar stucco, kyawawan zane-zanen yumɓu, rubutu a cikin larabci. A hawa na biyu, a cikin bango uku, akwai tagogi masu kyan gani waɗanda suke da ƙyalli.

Fadar Lviv

Wannan katafaren gidan shi ne dakunan sarki. Salo da gine-ginen ginin, wanda Mohammed V ya gina a karni na 14, ya nuna tasirin fasahar Kirista sosai.

Babban filin farfajiyar gidan sarauta, wanda aka fi sani da Farfajiyar Zaki, an kewaye shi da manyan shaguna. A tsakiyar tsakar gidan akwai maɓuɓɓugar ruwan Zaki: a kan bayan zakoki 12-dutse akwai akwatin marmara mai gefe 12 wanda aka zuba ruwa a ciki. Farfajiyar tana kewaye da zaure 3: Stalactites, Abenserrachs da Sarakuna.

Zauren Stalactite wani nau'in gidan kallo ne. Zauren ya sami sunansa daga rufin muqarn, wanda ke tuna da stalactites.

Hall din Abenserrachs yana gefen kudu na farfajiyar Zaki. A cewar tsohuwar Yarjejeniyar, an kashe mutane 37 daga dangin mai martaba na Abenserrachs a nan saboda ɗayan mutanen wannan dangi ana zargin ya yi lalata da matar Sarkin Musulmi. Abu mafi ban mamaki game da wannan dakin shine dome mai kama da tauraruwa da aka yi da muqarn.

Zauren Sarakuna yana gefen gabas na Kotun Lions. An kawata rufin wannan ɗakin da zane-zane na asali waɗanda ke nuna tattaunawar lumana tsakanin mutane da kyawawan tufafi na ƙetaren gabas, da kuma al'amuran rayuwar mata da maza.

Daga cikin sauran abubuwan kallo na gidan Lviv, mutum na iya lura da dakunan taruwa tare da wadatattun kayan adon abubuwa iri-iri:

• Hall of the Sisters Two, wanda yayi aiki a matsayin babban ɗakin sultana.
• Mirador Daracha ita ce baranda mai rufewa ta zauren 'Yan Uwan Mata biyu kuma daki na farko a cikin gidan harem.
• Zauren Biforiev.
• Boudoir na sarauniya, wanda aka kirkira a 1537 don Isabella ta Fotigal.

Gano Farashi ko sanya kowane masauki ta amfani da wannan fom

Charles V fada

Lokacin da Charles V yayi Alhambra gidansa na rani, sai ya yanke shawarar gina sabon gida. Ginin, wanda aka fara a karni na 16, a zahiri an kammala shi ne kawai a cikin 1957.

Falon mai hawa biyu, murabba'in Renaissance chateau yana haifar da bambanci mai karfi tare da sauran gine-gine. Akwai fili mai fadi-siffa tsakar gida kusa da gidan sarki.

Yanzu aiki a cikin castle:

• Gidan kayan gargajiya na Fine Arts na Granada;
• Gidan Tarihi na Alhambra;
• Gidan kayan tarihin Musulunci.

Madina ko Upper Alhambra

A yankin Alhambra da ke Spain ba sarakuna da kagara kawai ba, har ma da cikakken birni, wanda ake kira Upper Alhambra. Manyan gidajen manya da gidaje masu sauki sun kasance suna cikin rukunin ɗaliban sama, da kuma masu fasahar da ke ba da hadadden ginin. Hakanan akwai kasuwanni, wuraren wanka, masallaci.

A lokacin Kiristanci, Madina ta zama abin watsi, gidaje sun ruguje, kuma yawancin kwata an sake tsara su zuwa wurin shakatawa. A wurin da masallacin ya saba tsayawa, an gina Cocin Katolika na Santa Maria de la Alhambra a 1581-1618.

Generalife castle

Generalife Castle, wanda yayi aiki a zaman lokacin rani na masarautu, yana kan tsauni kuma an haɗa shi da kagara ta hanyoyi da yawa.

Generalife (karni na XIII) yana da sauƙaƙƙen facade mai sauƙin kai, kuma mafi ban sha'awa game da shi shine farfajiyar Kogin Ban ruwa tare da ciyawar ciyawa. Daga tsakar gida akwai ƙofa zuwa farfajiyar falon da ke kallon Granada.

Alhambra Lambuna

Alhambra yana da lambuna da yawa waɗanda ake ɗauka wani ɓangare na wani katafaren gida. Bishiyoyi, shrubs, furanni - kuma daga cikin wannan shuke-shuke mai ban sha'awa, akwai maɓuɓɓugan ruwa daban-daban da kwandunan ruwa, tafki da magudanan ruwa.

A gefen arewa da kudu maso yamma, sansanin yana kewaye da filin shakatawa mai ci gaba, wanda galibi ana kiransa "gandun daji na Alhambra". An sauka a karni na 17, a karkashin sarakunan Spain, yayin da sarakunan Larabawa suka bar yankin da ke kusa da Alhambra fanko saboda dalilai na tsaro.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Akwai wuraren tarihi da yawa a dajin Alhambra. An zana hoto mai tsayi na marubuci Washington Irving tare da ɗayan hanyoyin.

Bayani mai amfani

Hadadden gidan sarautar Alhambra yana kan tsauni kusa da cibiyar tarihi ta Granada. Adireshin jan hankali: Alhambra, Calle Real de la Alhambra, s / n, 18009 Granada, Spain.

Jadawalin

Ginin Alhambra a Spain an rufe shi don ziyara a ranar 25 ga Disamba da Janairu 1, a duk sauran ranakun yana aiki bisa ga jadawalin mai zuwa:

Afrilu 1 - Oktoba 14	Oktoba 15 - 31 ga Maris
Ziyartar rana	Litinin Lahadi daga 8:30 zuwa 20:00 ofishin tikiti 8:00 - 20:00	Litinin Lahadi daga 8:30 zuwa 18:00 ofishin tikiti 8:00 - 18:00
Ziyarcin dare	talata-asabar daga 10:00 zuwa 23:30 ofishin tikiti 9:00 - 22:45	Juma'a Asabar daga 20:00 zuwa 21:30 tebur na kuɗi 7:00 - 8:45
Ziyara ta musamman	Litinin-Lahadi 20:00 - 22:00	Litinin-Lahadi 18:00 - 20:00

Ziyarcin dare kawai ga lambuna da Babban Koli yana yiwuwa a irin waɗannan lokuta:

Afrilu 1 - Mayu 31 talata-asabar	Satumba 1 - Oktoba 14 talata-asabar	Oktoba 15 - Nuwamba 14 Juma'a Asabar
Ziyarci	10:00 – 23:30	22:00 – 23:30	20:00 – 21:30
Cashbox	9:00 – 22:45	21:00 – 22:45	7:00 – 20:45

Tikiti: farashi da kuma inda zan saya

Delhi 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 12 an shigar da shi yankin rukunin taron kyauta. Ga sauran baƙi, ana biyan ƙofar:

• Dukkanin hadadden - tikiti don ziyarar rana 14 €, tikitin dare 8 €.
• Alhambra Forest kawai - da rana 7 €, dare 5 €.

Jagorar mai jiwuwa tana 6 6 €, ana samunta a cikin Rasha.

Tunda samun damar baƙo zuwa Alhambra yana da iyaka, ya zama dole a sayi tikiti makonni da yawa a gaba, musamman a lokacin bazara. Kuna iya yin wannan a kan shafin yanar gizon jan hankali: www.alhambra-patronato.es/en/visit/

Farashin kan shafin don Disamba 2019 ne.

Nasihun Tafiya

1. Yawancin yawon bude ido sun ziyarci Alhambra, don haka ya fi kyau a shirya ziyarar a ranakun mako, da sanyin safiya - a wannan lokacin baƙi kaɗan, a ƙari, za a sami lokaci mai yawa don yawo (kuna buƙatar aƙalla awanni 3-4).
2. Da karfe 12:30 jagororin mai jiwuwa bazai iya kasancewa ba - suna nan da sauri warwatse.
3. Lokacin da aka nuna akan tikitin shine lokacin shiga masarautar Nasrid, kuna buƙatar shiga yankin hadaddun kanta mintina 20 da suka gabata. Idan kun makara fiye da minti 15, to tikitin zai ɓace kawai - a wasu lokutan ba za a yarda da shi ba.
4. Lokacin sayen tikiti akan layi akan gidan yanar gizon hukuma, kuna buƙatar shigar da bayanan fasfo, in ba haka ba za a nuna takaddun a kowane iko.
5. A yankin jan hankalin, haramun ne ɗaukar jakar baya a bayanta, ana kiyaye wannan sosai. Kuna buƙatar saka shi a cikin ɗakin ajiya, ko za ku iya sa shi a gabanku.

6. Gidan yanar gizon hukuma na Alhambra yana ba da damar sauke aikace-aikacen tare da taswira da hanyoyi. Akwai bayanai kaɗan, kuma ana gabatar da su ba tare da matsala ba. Zai fi kyau a kalli abubuwan tarihi game da wannan ganin na Spain a gaba, akwai da yawa daga cikinsu.
7. A mafi yawan lokuta, yana yiwuwa a sayi tikiti akan layi "yau da rana" har zuwa gidan sarautar Nasrid, idan kun ziyarci gidan yanar gizon hukuma tsakanin 00: 00-00: 30. Gaskiyar ita ce, a tsakar dare sukan cire ajiyar daga tikitin da ba a tantance ba.
8. Akwai wata babbar hanya don zuwa Fadar Alhambra: kuna buƙatar siyan Katin Granada, wanda ke ba da dama kyauta ga yawancin abubuwan jan hankali na Granada.

Bayanan tarihi game da shahararren gidan sarauta da kuma wurin shakatawa a Spain:

Kalli bidiyon: Alhambra in Granada, Andalusia - Spain 4K Travel Channel (Satumba 2024).