Taj Mahal a Indiya - waƙar soyayya mai daskarewa a cikin marmara

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Taj Mahal (Indiya) - sanannen wuri ne na ƙasar, wanda yake a Agra, a gefen Kogin Jamna. Taj Mahal wani tarin kyawawan kayan kwalliya ne, wanda ya kunshi fada-mausoleum, masallaci, babban kofa, gidan baƙi da kuma filin shakatawa tare da tsarin ban ruwa. Wannan hadadden gidan padishah Shah Jahan ce ta gina shi a matsayin kyauta ta ƙarshe ga ƙaunatacciyar matarsa Mumtaz Mahal.

Abin sha'awa! Ana iya ganin Taj Mahal a cikin fina-finai da yawa, misali: "Rayuwa Bayan Mutane", "Armageddon", "Slumdog Millionaire", "Har sai Na Cika A Cikin Kwalin."

Wannan labarin yayi bayani a takaice game da tarihin halittar Taj Mahal, akwai kuma bayanai masu amfani masu yawa ga mutanen da zasu ziyarci wannan mashahuriyyar Indiya. Hakanan ya ƙunshi hotuna masu launuka daban-daban na Taj Mahal, waɗanda aka ɗauka a waje da cikin ginin.

Bitan tarihin

Ana iya jayayya cewa, har zuwa wani lokaci, tarihin halittar Taj Mahal ya faro ne daga 1612. A lokacin ne padishah na Daular Mughal Shah Jahan ta dauki Arjumand Bano Begum a matsayin matar sa. A tarihi, an fi san wannan mata da suna Mumtaz Mahal, wanda ke nufin "ofawata Fadar Sarki". Shah Jahan yana matukar kaunar matarsa, ya aminta kuma yana mata nasiha a cikin komai. Mumtaz Mahal ta kasance tare da mai mulkin a yakin neman zabe, ta halarci dukkan matakan da suka shafi jihar, kuma idan ba za ta iya halartar wani taron ba, to kawai an daga ta.

Labarin soyayya da rayuwar farin ciki na ma'aurata masu martaba ya kasance shekaru 18. A wannan lokacin, Mumtaz Mahal ta ba mijinta yara 13, amma ba za ta iya rayuwa ta haihu na 14 ba.

Bayan mutuwar matarsa, Shah Jahan ya kwashe shekara guda a keɓe, ya tsufa kuma ya sunkuya a wannan lokacin. Don biyan haraji na ƙarshe ga ƙaunar Mumtaz Mahal, padishah ta yanke shawarar gina fada-mausoleum, wanda bai yi daidai ba kuma ba zai zama daidai ba a Duniya.

Gaskiya daga tarihi! Kimanin masu sana'o'in hannu sama da 22,000 ne daga Masarautar Mughal, Farisa, Asiya ta Tsakiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya suka halarci ƙirƙirar ginin.

Kamar yadda aka sani ne daga tarihi, an fara gina Taj Mahal a ƙarshen 1631. Saboda wannan, an zaɓi yanki mai girman hekta 1.2, wanda ke wajen Agra, kusa da Kogin Jamna. Gaba daya an tono wurin, an maye gurbin kasar don rage shigowar mutane, kuma an daga shafin a tsawan mita 50 sama da gabar kogin.

Abin sha'awa! Yawancin lokaci, ana amfani da shinge na gora a Indiya, kuma ana yin zanen tubalin kewaye da kabarin. Tunda suna da girma da ƙarfi, masu kula da aikin sun damu cewa za a raba su fiye da shekara guda. Amma Shah Jahan ya ba da umarnin a ba da sanarwar cewa kowa na iya ɗaukar tubalin kowane adadi - sakamakon haka, a zahiri cikin dare, duk ginin na ba da taimako ya wargaje.

Tunda aka gudanar da ginin a cikin matakai, akwai ra'ayoyi mabanbanta game da abin da ake ganin kammalawar halittar Taj Mahal. An kammala dandamali da mausoleum na tsakiya (gami da aikin da ke cikin ginin) zuwa 1943, kuma aiki kan ƙirƙirar duk wasu abubuwa na hadadden ya ɗauki tsawon shekaru 10.

Gaskiya daga tarihi! An kawo kayan gini da na kammalawa daga kusan ko'ina cikin duniya: farin marmara - daga ƙasashen Rajasthan, yasfa - daga Punjab, jade - daga China, carnelian - daga Arabia, chrysolite - daga gabar Kogin Nilu, sapphires - daga Ceylon, carnelian - daga Baghdad, yaƙutu - daga masarautar Siam, turquoise daga Tibet.

Shah Jahan ya bar hangen nesa da yawa ga zuriya, amma Taj Mahal ne ya wanzu a cikin tarihi a matsayin babban abin tunawa wanda har abada ya bata sunan padishah da amininsa amintacce.

A 1666, Shah Jahan ya mutu kuma an binne shi a cikin Taj Mahal, kusa da Mumtaz Mahal.

Amma tarihin Taj Mahal a Indiya bai kare da mutuwar mahaliccinsa ba.

Yanzu lokaci

Kwanan nan aka bayyana fasa a bangon Taj Mahal. Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa ilimin su kai tsaye yana da alaƙa da bushewar Kogin Jamna, wanda yake gudana a kusa. Bushewa daga tashar ruwa yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa tsarin ƙasa yana canzawa kuma, sakamakon haka, ginin yana raguwa.

Saboda gurbatacciyar iska a wannan yanki na Indiya, Taj Mahal ya rasa farinsa - ana iya ganin wannan a hoto. Kuma har ma da fadada yankin kore kewaye da hadadden da rufe yawancin masana'antun ƙazantar Agra ba su taimaka: ginin ya zama rawaya. Don ko ta yaya kiyaye almara farin farin marmara, ana tsabtace su a kai a kai tare da farin yumbu.

Amma duk da wannan duka, mai girma Taj Mahal (Agra, Indiya) koyaushe yana jan hankali da kamalar gine-gine da kuma labarin soyayya na gaskiya.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Kowace shekara wannan jan hankali na ziyartar 'yan yawon bude ido 3,000,000 zuwa 5,000,000, wanda sama da 200,000 baƙi ne.

Hadadden gine-gine

Gine-ginen Taj Mahal ya haɗu da abubuwa da yawa na salon: Indiya, Fasiya, Larabci. Takaitaccen bayani da hotuna masu launuka zasu taimake ka ka fahimci kyawun Taj Mahal.

Taj Mahal wani rukuni ne wanda ya kunshi ƙofar tsakiya, lambu, masallaci, rumfar baƙi da gidan sarki, wanda a ciki kaburburan Mumtaz Mahal da Shah Jahan ne. Yankin, mai shinge daga bangarori 3, wanda aka ɗora hadadden, a kansa, yana da siffar murabba'i mai faɗi (girman 600 da mita 300). Babban kofa, anyi shi da jan dutse, yayi kama da ƙaramin fada tare da hasumiyoyin gefe. Waɗannan hasumiyai suna da rawani, kuma ƙananan mulu masu kama da laima suna sama da ƙofar a cikin layuka 2 na guda 11. A ƙofar ƙofar akwai maganganu daga Kur'ani wanda ya ƙare tare da kalmomin "Shigar da Aljanna!" - Shah Jahan ya kirkiro aljanna domin masoyin sa.

Char-Bagh (lambuna 4) ɓangare ne na haɗuwa, wanda ya dace da hankali kan launi da yanayin kabarin. A tsakiyar hanyar da ta tashi daga ƙofar zuwa mausoleum, akwai magudanar ruwa, a cikin ruwan da wannan ginin marmara mai farin dusar ƙanƙara yake.

A yamma da mausoleum akwai masallacin jan dutse, zuwa gabas - gidan baƙi. Babban aikinta shine kawai adana fasalin dukkanin gine-ginen gine-gine.

Kabari

Kamar yadda kake gani a hoto, Taj Mahal yana tsaye a kan wani dandamali na marmara, gefen baya ya juya zuwa Kogin Jamna. Dandalin yana da murabba'i, tare da kowane bangare ya kai mita 95.4 a tsayi. A kusurwar dandamalin akwai kyawawan minarets masu fararen dusar ƙanƙara, waɗanda aka karkata zuwa sama (tsayinsu ya kai mita 41). Minarets sun dan karkata zuwa kwatancen wadanda suka saba daga kabarin - kamar yadda marubutan suka rubuta a tarihi, anyi hakan ne don kar a lokacin girgizar kasa su ruguje kan ginin su lalata komai da ke cikinsa.

Taj Mahal, wanda aka gina daga tubalin farin marmara mai dusar ƙanƙara, ya tashi mita 74. Tsarin ya kasance da rawani guda 5: dome mai tsaka-tsalle (mita 22.5 mai faɗi) zagaye da ƙananan ƙananan gidaje 4.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Saboda kebantattun abubuwa na marmara mai gogewa, Taj Mahal yana canza launinsa sau da yawa a rana: a fitowar rana sai ya zama kamar ruwan hoda, da rana a cikin hasken rana yana haskakawa da fari, da yamma da yamma yana haskaka haske mai haske, kuma a wata yana yin sillar.

Bangon Taj Mahal an sassaka shi da kwalliya iri-iri na pietra dura kuma an saka shi da lu'ulu'u. A cikin duka, an yi amfani da nau'ikan duwatsu 28 don inlay. Idan aka kalli ƙananan bayanai dalla-dalla, mutum na iya yaba da sarkakiyar aikin da ya kamata masu sana'a su yi: misali, akwai ƙananan abubuwa masu ado (yanki 3 cm ²), wanda akan sa sama da duwatsu masu daraja 50. An sassaka maganganun Al-Qur'ani a bangon da ke kewaye da bangarorin da aka kafa.

Abin sha'awa! Lines da ke da jimloli daga Kur'ani sun yi kama ɗaya ba tare da la’akari da yadda girman su yake daga bene ba. An ƙirƙiri irin wannan tasirin na gani kamar haka: mafi girman layin shine, ana amfani da babban font kuma mafi girman rata tsakanin haruffa.

Gano Farashi ko sanya kowane masauki ta amfani da wannan fom

Yadda kabarin yake kallon ciki

Bayan daukaka da iska - kuma wannan shi ne yadda nake so in bayyana yadda bayyanar Taj Mahal take - daga ciki da alama ba haka take ba. Amma wannan kallon farko ne kawai.

A ciki, tare da bangon kabarin, akwai hanyar da ke da ɗakunan octagonal a bi da bi. Babban zauren yana ƙarƙashin babban dome, an haɗa shi a cikin hanyar da ke kewaye da shi.

A cikin kabarin, a cikin babban zauren, akwai kaburburan Mumtaz Mahal da Shah Jahan. A gefensu akwai shinge mai ban sha'awa: dutsen marmara tare da zane-zanen da aka sassaka, an kawata shi da zinariya da aka kawo da kayan lu'u-lu'u masu tamani.

Ya kamata a san cewa Taj Mahal yana da daidaito a ciki da waje. Cenotaph na Shah Jahan ne kawai, wanda aka kafa daga baya fiye da cenotaph na Mumtuz-Mazal, shine ya katse wannan yanayin. Kabarin Mumtuz-Mazal, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin kabarin nan da nan lokacin da aka ƙirƙira shi, yana tsaye a tsakiyar, dama a ƙarƙashin tsakiyar dome.

Gaskiyar jana'izar Mumtaz Mahal da Shah Jahan suna cikin ƙirar, tsananin a ƙarƙashin kaburbura.

Taj Museum

A cikin ƙungiyar taron tunawa, a yammacin ɓangaren shakatawa, akwai ƙaramin gidan kayan gargajiya mai ban sha'awa. Yana aiki daga 10:00 zuwa 17:00, shiga kyauta ne.

Daga cikin abubuwan da aka gabatar a cikin gidan kayan tarihin:

zane-zanen gine-gine na fadar-mausoleum;
tsabar kudi da aka yi da azurfa daga zinariya, waɗanda ake amfani da su a lokacin Shah Jahan;
asalin zane-zane tare da hotunan Shah Jahan da Mumtaz Mahal;
Celadon jita-jita (akwai labari mai ban sha'awa cewa waɗannan faranti zasu tashi baya ko canza launi idan an sami abinci mai guba a cikinsu).

Kwatanta farashin Masauki ta amfani da wannan Fom din

Bayani mai amfani

Adireshin jan hankali: Dharmaperi, Yankin Gandun Daji, Tejginj, Agra, Uttar Pradesh 282001, Indiya.
Tashar yanar gizon wannan abin tarihi shine http://www.tajmahal.gov.in.
Taj Mahal yana buɗe mintuna 30 kafin fitowar rana kuma ya daina karɓar baƙi mintina 30 kafin faɗuwar rana. Wannan jadawalin yana aiki ga kowane ranar sati banda juma'a. A ranakun Juma'a, wadanda ke son halartar wani masallaci ne kadai ke shiga cikin hadadden gidan.

Tikiti: inda zan saya da farashi

Ga masu yawon bude ido da suka zo Indiya daga wasu ƙasashe, tikitin shiga yankin jan hankalin yana biyan rupees 1100 (kusan $ 15.5).
Don ganin kabarin a ciki, kuna buƙatar biyan rupees 200 (kusan $ 2.8)
Yaran da shekarunsu ba su kai 15 ba na iya kallon duka yankin da ciki na gidan sarauta kyauta.

Kuna iya siyan tikiti a ofisoshin tikiti, waɗanda suke a ƙofar Gabas da Yamma. An buɗe ofisoshin tikiti 1 kafin wayewar gari kuma a rufe minti 45 kafin faɗuwar rana. Akwai tagogi daban don baƙi da 'yan ƙasar Indiya a teburin kuɗi.

Zai yiwu a sayi tikiti ta Intanet. Gidan yanar gizon hukuma guda ɗaya ne kawai ke ba da sabis na tallace-tallace - gidan yanar gizon Ma'aikatar Al'adun Indiya: https://asi.payumoney.com. Ana samun tikitin E-tikiti akan wannan tashar don duka citizensan ƙasar Indiya da baƙi masu yawon buɗe ido. Bugu da ƙari, baƙi suna karɓar ragi na rupees 50 (kusan $ 0.7).

Kwalban ruwa da murfin takalmi an hada su cikin farashin tikiti - ana basu su ga duk maziyarta a bakin kofar. Takalmin takalmin da aka yi da lallashi mai laushi masu kyau ya kamata a sa a kan takalma.

Farashi da jadawalin akan shafin don Satumba 2019.

Amfani masu Amfani

Duk ofisoshin tikiti suna da tagogi daban don 'yan ƙasar Indiya da baƙi masu yawon buɗe ido (yawanci sun fi yawa a nan) - kawai kuna buƙatar kallon alamun. A kan hanyar zuwa ofisoshin tikiti, 'yan kasuwa na cikin gida galibi suna bautar da baƙi, suna ba da tikiti a farashi ƙwarai da gaske (sau 2-3 sun fi tsada). Mafi kyawun zaɓi don adana lokaci da jijiyoyi shine yin ajiyar wuri akan gidan yanar gizon Ma'aikatar Al'adun Indiya.

Mahukuntan yankin a Agra suna yin duk mai yiwuwa don hana hare-haren ta'addanci da kare abubuwan tarihi daga ayyukan barna. Don yin wannan, a ƙofar hadaddun, akwai wuraren bincike na musamman don baƙi. A cikin hadadden zaka iya samun kwalban ruwa kawai, kyamara ba tare da masarufi ba, kuɗi, takardu da taswirar jagorar yawon buɗe ido na Agra. Duk sauran abubuwa suna buƙatar miƙa su zuwa ɗakin ajiya. Sabili da haka, kada ku ɗauki manyan jakunkuna tare da ku: wannan zai ƙara lokacin binciken tsaro kawai, kuma har yanzu za ku tsaya a layi zuwa ɗakunan ajiya.
Wuraren bincike na baƙi da na jama'ar Indiya daban-daban - kuna buƙatar bincika a hankali wane layin za ku tsaya. Ana yin gwajin mata da maza daban daban, bi da bi, kuma jerin gwano sun banbanta.
Akwai yankin samun Wi-Fi kyauta a cikin radius na kusan mita 50 daga shingen tsaro.
Taj Mahal (Indiya) yana da kyau musamman a wayewar gari, don haka lokaci daga 5:30 ana ɗaukar shine mafi kyawun ziyarta. Kari kan haka, a wannan lokacin mutane da yawa ba su da yawa a nan, kuma za ku iya nutsuwa ku ga duk abin da ke cikin ginin.

Ba za ku iya ɗaukar hoto a cikin Taj Mahal ba, amma babu wanda ya hana wannan a yankin da ke kusa. Ana yin harbe-harbe masu ban al'ajabi a wayewar gari, lokacin da hazo ya rufe fadar da safe kuma da alama yana shawagi a cikin iska. Kuma yaya kyakkyawa da butulci ne a yayin da baƙi ke riƙe fadar a saman dome!
Lokacin dacewa na shekara don ziyartar Taj Mahal shine garantin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da kuma motsin rai. Mafi kyawun lokacin tafiya zuwa Agra shine Fabrairu da Maris. Daga Afrilu zuwa Yuli, zafin zafi mai zafi yana tsayawa a nan, zazzabin ya tashi zuwa + 45 ° C. Lokacin damina yana farawa a watan Yuli, kuma yana ƙarewa a cikin Satumba kawai. Daga Oktoba zuwa kusan Fabrairu, akwai fogs masu nauyi a cikin garin, wanda saboda shi ba a iya ganin Taj Mahal sosai.